Wudianto Wudianto, A. Widodo, Fayakun Satria, Mahiswara Mahiswara
{"title":"KAJIAN PENGELOLAAN RUMPON LAUT DALAM SEBAGAI ALAT BANTU PENANGKAPAN TUNA DI PERAIRAN INDONESIA","authors":"Wudianto Wudianto, A. Widodo, Fayakun Satria, Mahiswara Mahiswara","doi":"10.15578/JKPI.1.1.2019.23-37","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Untuk meningkatkan produktivitas penangkapan tuna, beberapa tahun terakhir ini nelayan dan pengusaha menggunakan alat bantu rumpon laut dalam sebagai alat pengumpul ikan dilakukan penangkapan. Penggunaan rumpon berkembang sangat pesat sehingga timbul permasalahan baik terkait dengan kelestarian sumberdaya tuna dan konflik sosial ekonomi di kalangan nelayan. Tujuan kajian ini adalah untuk mengetahui isue permasalahan terkait rumpon saat ini dan bagaimana solusi pengelolaannya sehingga penggunaan rumpon tidak mempengaruhi keberlanjutan perikanan tuna. Data dan informasi utama yang digunakan dalam kajian ini berasal dari hasil penelitian di lapangan dan diskusi melalui workshop dan Focus Group Discussion (FGD). Tipe rumpon laut dalam yang digunakan di perairan Indonesia adalah rumpon berjangkar, yang dipasang menetap terhubung dengan dasar perairan, menggunakan jangkar atau pemberat dari beton dihubungkan dengan tali-temali ke pelampung (pontoon, gabus, rakit), yang dilengkapi dengan bahan pemikat ikan dari daun kelapa atau nipah. Beberapa jenis alat tangkap yang dioperasikan di sekitar rumpon antara lain pukat cincin, pancing ulur, pancing tonda, huhate, dan jaring insang. Hasil kajian resiko menunjukkan jenis alat tangkap yang sesuai dioperasikan di sekitar rumpon adalah pancing ulur dan pancing tonda. Pukat cincin memiliki resiko tertinggi karena banyak menangkap jenis ikan tuna yang berukuran kecil khususnya yellowfin dan bigeye tuna sebagai hasil tangkapan sampingan. Jenis alat tangkap pancing ulur lapisan dalam sangat sesuai kriteria ramah lingkungan untuk menangkap tuna di sekitar rumpon. Beberapa isu permasalahan muncul setelah rumpon berkembang di nelayan antara lain jumlah rumpon sulit diketahui, banyak ikan tuna berukuran kecil tertangkap sebagai hasil tangkapan sampingan dan perubahan tingkah laku ikan karena adanya “perangkap ekologi”. Beberapa rekomendasi kegiatan yang perlu dilakukan antara lain: perlu adanya penertiban pemasangan rumpon dengan melakukan pendaftaran ulang rumpon yang terpasang, jarak pemasangan rumpon harus mengacu pada jarak terdekat antar rumpon yang telah ditetapkan yaitu minimal 10 nautical mile, pemasangan rumpon sebaiknya tidak dilakukan di wilayah perairan perbatasan antar negara.During recent years fishers were intensively use deep sea FADs in their tuna fishery to attract tunas in their fishing operation for increasing its productivity. The used of FADs has rapidly developed and now starting to deem not only the sustainability of tuna resources but also triger socio economic frictions among fishers. The purpose of this study to find problem issues related to the current status of FAD and how the solution of the good management for impact on the sustainability of tuna fisheries around FAD. Main data and information are used in this study from in the field observation and result of workshop and Focus Group Discussion (FGD). A type of deep sea FADs deployed in Indonesian waters are moored or anchored FADs which occupy a fixed location and attach to the sea bottom using a weight such as an anchored or concrete block, which connected by long ropes to the floating object (Poonton, stereofoam or raft) that compliment with coconut or nipah leaves as fish lure. Several types of fishing gears operated arround FADs are purse seine, deep hand line, troll line, pole and line, and gill net. Risk assessment analysis showed that suitable gears for FADs fishing were deep sea hand line (dHL) and troll line. Purse siene was a gear with high risk score due to its operation not only caught small size of yellow fin and big eye tuna but also many by-catches. Several issues were raised after recent massive deployment of FADs among fishers concerning on numbers and license of FADs, high number on catches of juvenile tuna as by-catches. Furthermore FADS also believe has affect to the changes of tuna behaviour as highly migratory species which been ecologically trapped by FADs. This study provides current FADs management at national and regional level and some recommendations could be considered to ensure the sustainability of tuna utilization, as following: for the compliance using FAD need to re-regrestration for deployed FAD, fishermen should compliance for deploying FAD with minimum distance is 10 nautical miles among FAD as mentioned in regulation, suggested not deploy FAD in border area waters, deep hand line (dHL) is suggested as suitable fishing gear for catching tuna around FAD.","PeriodicalId":31078,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kebijakan Perikanan Indonesia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2019-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"7","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Jurnal Kebijakan Perikanan Indonesia","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.15578/JKPI.1.1.2019.23-37","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
Abstract
Untuk meningkatkan produktivitas penangkapan tuna, beberapa tahun terakhir ini nelayan dan pengusaha menggunakan alat bantu rumpon laut dalam sebagai alat pengumpul ikan dilakukan penangkapan. Penggunaan rumpon berkembang sangat pesat sehingga timbul permasalahan baik terkait dengan kelestarian sumberdaya tuna dan konflik sosial ekonomi di kalangan nelayan. Tujuan kajian ini adalah untuk mengetahui isue permasalahan terkait rumpon saat ini dan bagaimana solusi pengelolaannya sehingga penggunaan rumpon tidak mempengaruhi keberlanjutan perikanan tuna. Data dan informasi utama yang digunakan dalam kajian ini berasal dari hasil penelitian di lapangan dan diskusi melalui workshop dan Focus Group Discussion (FGD). Tipe rumpon laut dalam yang digunakan di perairan Indonesia adalah rumpon berjangkar, yang dipasang menetap terhubung dengan dasar perairan, menggunakan jangkar atau pemberat dari beton dihubungkan dengan tali-temali ke pelampung (pontoon, gabus, rakit), yang dilengkapi dengan bahan pemikat ikan dari daun kelapa atau nipah. Beberapa jenis alat tangkap yang dioperasikan di sekitar rumpon antara lain pukat cincin, pancing ulur, pancing tonda, huhate, dan jaring insang. Hasil kajian resiko menunjukkan jenis alat tangkap yang sesuai dioperasikan di sekitar rumpon adalah pancing ulur dan pancing tonda. Pukat cincin memiliki resiko tertinggi karena banyak menangkap jenis ikan tuna yang berukuran kecil khususnya yellowfin dan bigeye tuna sebagai hasil tangkapan sampingan. Jenis alat tangkap pancing ulur lapisan dalam sangat sesuai kriteria ramah lingkungan untuk menangkap tuna di sekitar rumpon. Beberapa isu permasalahan muncul setelah rumpon berkembang di nelayan antara lain jumlah rumpon sulit diketahui, banyak ikan tuna berukuran kecil tertangkap sebagai hasil tangkapan sampingan dan perubahan tingkah laku ikan karena adanya “perangkap ekologi”. Beberapa rekomendasi kegiatan yang perlu dilakukan antara lain: perlu adanya penertiban pemasangan rumpon dengan melakukan pendaftaran ulang rumpon yang terpasang, jarak pemasangan rumpon harus mengacu pada jarak terdekat antar rumpon yang telah ditetapkan yaitu minimal 10 nautical mile, pemasangan rumpon sebaiknya tidak dilakukan di wilayah perairan perbatasan antar negara.During recent years fishers were intensively use deep sea FADs in their tuna fishery to attract tunas in their fishing operation for increasing its productivity. The used of FADs has rapidly developed and now starting to deem not only the sustainability of tuna resources but also triger socio economic frictions among fishers. The purpose of this study to find problem issues related to the current status of FAD and how the solution of the good management for impact on the sustainability of tuna fisheries around FAD. Main data and information are used in this study from in the field observation and result of workshop and Focus Group Discussion (FGD). A type of deep sea FADs deployed in Indonesian waters are moored or anchored FADs which occupy a fixed location and attach to the sea bottom using a weight such as an anchored or concrete block, which connected by long ropes to the floating object (Poonton, stereofoam or raft) that compliment with coconut or nipah leaves as fish lure. Several types of fishing gears operated arround FADs are purse seine, deep hand line, troll line, pole and line, and gill net. Risk assessment analysis showed that suitable gears for FADs fishing were deep sea hand line (dHL) and troll line. Purse siene was a gear with high risk score due to its operation not only caught small size of yellow fin and big eye tuna but also many by-catches. Several issues were raised after recent massive deployment of FADs among fishers concerning on numbers and license of FADs, high number on catches of juvenile tuna as by-catches. Furthermore FADS also believe has affect to the changes of tuna behaviour as highly migratory species which been ecologically trapped by FADs. This study provides current FADs management at national and regional level and some recommendations could be considered to ensure the sustainability of tuna utilization, as following: for the compliance using FAD need to re-regrestration for deployed FAD, fishermen should compliance for deploying FAD with minimum distance is 10 nautical miles among FAD as mentioned in regulation, suggested not deploy FAD in border area waters, deep hand line (dHL) is suggested as suitable fishing gear for catching tuna around FAD.