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{"title":"CO₂-shallow groundwater interaction and related hydrogeochemical mechanisms: A review on reduced-scale CO2 release field experiments","authors":"João Pedro T. Zielinski, Clarissa L. Melo, Rodrigo S. Iglesias, Pedro R. Reginato","doi":"10.1002/ghg.2205","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p>Carbon capture and storage (CCS) has been highlighted as a crucial technology for reducing carbon emissions, yet CO₂ leakage from the reservoir is still a matter of great public concern, especially because of water pollution reasons. Hence, reduced-scale CO₂ release experiments have been conducted worldwide to study hydrogeochemical response in shallow groundwaters. Although other reviews have been previously published, this study reviews critical data to establish a geochemical process-based framework of the scientific findings. Following this, four mechanisms were found to be responsible for hydrogeochemical behavior: (i) ion exchange is mainly responsible for short-lived increase in Mg, Ca, Ba and Sr concentrations; (ii) sorption and desorption processes were related to heavy metal and trace element variations, seemingly due to the presence of oxyhydroxides and clay minerals; (iii) silicate and carbonate dissolution played different roles as a function of specific aquifer mineralogy, releasing metals or influencing divalent cations response; (iv) conservative, mixing and oxidation processes were pointed out as possible mechanisms regulating variations of Cl⁻, SO₄<sup>2</sup>⁻ and NO₃⁻. Although studies suggested no parameter exceeded potable limits, most experiments were short-lived, possibly overlooking the CO₂ leakage response in a long-term exposure. Hence, further work is still needed specially to support relevant environmental legislation. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</p>","PeriodicalId":12796,"journal":{"name":"Greenhouse Gases: Science and Technology","volume":"13 6","pages":"829-859"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7000,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Greenhouse Gases: Science and Technology","FirstCategoryId":"93","ListUrlMain":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ghg.2205","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"ENERGY & FUELS","Score":null,"Total":0}
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Abstract
Carbon capture and storage (CCS) has been highlighted as a crucial technology for reducing carbon emissions, yet CO₂ leakage from the reservoir is still a matter of great public concern, especially because of water pollution reasons. Hence, reduced-scale CO₂ release experiments have been conducted worldwide to study hydrogeochemical response in shallow groundwaters. Although other reviews have been previously published, this study reviews critical data to establish a geochemical process-based framework of the scientific findings. Following this, four mechanisms were found to be responsible for hydrogeochemical behavior: (i) ion exchange is mainly responsible for short-lived increase in Mg, Ca, Ba and Sr concentrations; (ii) sorption and desorption processes were related to heavy metal and trace element variations, seemingly due to the presence of oxyhydroxides and clay minerals; (iii) silicate and carbonate dissolution played different roles as a function of specific aquifer mineralogy, releasing metals or influencing divalent cations response; (iv) conservative, mixing and oxidation processes were pointed out as possible mechanisms regulating variations of Cl⁻, SO₄2 ⁻ and NO₃⁻. Although studies suggested no parameter exceeded potable limits, most experiments were short-lived, possibly overlooking the CO₂ leakage response in a long-term exposure. Hence, further work is still needed specially to support relevant environmental legislation. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
CO₂ 浅层地下水相互作用及相关水文地球化学机制&缩小规模CO2释放场实验综述
碳捕获与封存(CCS)作为减少碳排放的关键技术备受关注,但水库的CO 2泄漏仍然是公众关注的问题,特别是由于水污染的原因。因此,在世界范围内进行了小尺度的CO 2释放实验,以研究浅层地下水的水文地球化学响应。尽管之前已经发表了其他评论,但本研究回顾了关键数据,以建立基于地球化学过程的科学发现框架。在此基础上,发现了四种机制对水文地球化学行为的影响:(1)离子交换主要导致Mg、Ca、Ba和Sr浓度的短暂增加;(ii)吸附和解吸过程与重金属和微量元素的变化有关,似乎是由于氢氧化物和粘土矿物的存在;(三)硅酸盐和碳酸盐溶解在特定含水层矿物学中发挥不同的作用,释放金属或影响二价阳离子的反应;(iv)保守、混合和氧化过程被指出是调节Cl⁻、SO₄2⁻和NO₃⁻的可能机制。虽然研究表明没有任何参数超过饮用限制,但大多数实验都是短期的,可能忽略了长期暴露的CO₂泄漏反应。因此,还需要进一步的工作,特别是支持有关的环境立法。©2023化学工业协会和John Wiley &儿子,有限公司
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