Greenhouse Gases: Science and Technology最新文献

This study explores the role of nitrogen and oxygen contents on the surface of modified coconut shell porous carbon to improve its physicochemical properties thus increase CO₂ adsorption capacity. The synthesis of porous carbon was performed using an activation modification method at low temperature (200°C) followed by chemical activation to enhance surface properties of porous carbon. In this study, the surface properties of porous carbon were modified using several types of nitrogen-containing functional groups, such as urea, melamine and amine groups (monoethanolamine [MEA] and 2-(methylamino)ethanol [MAE]). Changes in the surface morphology of the modified porous carbon were characterised using several analytical techniques, including Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area, surface morphology, elemental composition analysis and Raman spectroscopy. The adsorption performance of the modified porous carbon was measured using packed-bed CO₂ adsorption under low-pressure conditions. Subsequently, the highest breakthrough time and CO₂ adsorption capacity values were compared. The analysis of pore size distribution curves confirmed the existence of a combination of micropores, mesopores and a small amount of macropores in all modified porous carbon samples. As expected, the results show that all modified porous carbon samples showed increased breakthrough time and CO₂ adsorption capacity compared to coconut shell activated carbon (CS). Among the modified activated carbon, CS-MAE produced the highest breakthrough time (27 min) and CO₂ adsorption capacity (1.48 mmol/g). Finally, the experiment results from multiple adsorption–desorption cycles show good regeneration performance of CS-MAE. This finding highlights the feasibility of using CS-MAE as a capturing agent for CO₂ adsorption.

Carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies are vital for reducing carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions, but corrosion threatens the efficiency and durability of CCS infrastructure. Accurate assessment of alkanolamine solution corrosivity and effective corrosion inhibitors are essential for reliable CCS design. This study evaluates the corrosion inhibition performance of reline (a deep eutectic solvent, DES) and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoroacetate (an ionic liquid, IL) on carbon steel in carbonated amine solutions using the weight loss method. Before the use of corrosion inhibitors, it presents an experimental investigation of the corrosivity of three alkanolamines commonly used for carbon capture, namely, monoethanolamine (MEA), diethanolamine, and methyl diethanolamine, using electrochemical methods in addition to surface morphology analysis using field emission scanning electron microscopy. Through meticulous experimentation involving the immersion of carbon steel API 5L X52 metal specimens in CO₂-saturated MEA solutions with varying DES and IL concentrations and immersion times, the study uncovers promising insights. The amine concentration used was 10–30 wt% at a temperature of 60–70°C with inhibitor concentration of reline at 0, 30, 50, and 70 wt% and IL at 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5 wt%. A notable reduction in corrosion rates is observed with increasing DES concentrations (a maximum of 77.1% in inhibiting efficiency at 70 wt% DES), underscoring the protective role of DES in inhibiting corrosion. Additionally, the IL was found to be effective as a corrosion inhibitor, with the optimum concentration being at 0.5 wt% giving a maximum inhibition efficiency of 69.8%. This study emphasizes the importance of DES and IL for effective corrosion inhibition in the amine system, thereby ensuring the long-term sustainability and efficacy of CCS infrastructure. 2025 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions peaked significantly in the last few decades, leading to environmental issues like global warming and climate change. Soccer stadiums are highly densely populated and consume significant amounts of energy, which results in emitting a large amount of GHG. It is crucial, therefore, to find an efficient way to optimize these emissions. Soccer (football) stadiums are densely populated facilities that consume vast amounts of energy, resulting in considerable GHG emissions; however, identifying effective strategies to optimize and reduce these emissions remains a gap in the literature. This study, describes rational approaches to optimize the reduction of GHG emissions and understand its mechanism in soccer stadiums in Qatar. This is driven by the data collected from global systems (Fédération Internationale de Football Association [FIFA] reports and global sustainability assessment system) and local ones (Qatar Football Association and the Ministry of Environment and Climate Change, in addition to the local stadiums and clubs in Qatar). Various variables were considered, and also hybrid systems of principal component analysis (PCA) and machine learning (ML) approaches were used for the optimization process in five stadiums: Stadium 974, Al Janoub, Al Bayt, Lusail Stadium, and Education City Stadium. The study employed a PCA-assisted ML framework to identify key sustainability factors and predict the impact of interventions on emissions for these five stadiums. The results demonstrate a successful reduction of GHG emissions by 20%–40% and an improvement in CO₂ offsetting by 40%–100%, besides increasing water conservation to 70%–95% and boosting renewable energy integration from 15% to 100% in Qatar's stadium. These results could be used as an initial platform for promoting carbon footprint reduction in other stadiums worldwide. In summary, the findings offer a practical roadmap for stadium managers and policymakers to achieve significant GHG emission cuts while enhancing sustainability performance.

In this study, the effect of nanoclay on the gas storage in the hydrate phase was investigated. Nanoparticles were modified with polyethyleneimine (PEI) to improve their surface properties, and these modified nanoparticles were subsequently characterized. Subsequently, gas hydrate formation experiments were conducted for CO₂ storage in the hydrate phase. A rocking reactor was employed to form the gas hydrate. In addition, the effect of different nanoparticle concentrations (200, 400, and 500 ppm), the PEI concentration loaded on nanoparticles (30% and 50%), the initial volume of suspension, and initial pressure were investigated. Data on CO₂ consumption, water-to-hydrate conversion, and storage capacity were collected throughout the experiments. This study is a continuation of the research by Jafari Khamirani et al. (2024). The results indicated that nanoparticles increased gas consumption and storage capacity compared to water in the rocking vessel. Additionally, compared to the study by Jafari Khamirani et al. (2024), the nanoparticles demonstrated better effectiveness, in the rocking vessel compared to the stirrer-type vessel. Among the experiments, nanoparticles modified with 50% PEI outperformed compared to those with 30% PEI and unmodified nanoparticles, which indicates the positive impact of amino groups on hydrate formation. The surface-grafted nanoclay with a mass fraction of 500 ppm with 50% PEI had the highest CO₂ gas consumption, with an improvement of approximately 33.26% compared to pure water; this concentration also has a maximum amount of storage capacity of 70.78 V/V. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

This study investigated the use of Moroccan diatomite in its raw and calcined forms in mortar as a partial replacement for cement to reduce the primary energy consumption in cement production. For this purpose, a thermophysical and mechanical study was carried out. In addition, the energy consumption and global warming potential (GWP) associated with the production of these materials were assessed using a cradle-to-gate life cycle assessment analysis. Several samples were prepared by replacing up to 40% of the cement with diatomite, while maintaining the same sand and water content in the mortar. The study found that diatomite reduced thermal conductivity and diffusivity owing to its high insulating potential. However, calcining diatomite up to 850°C altered the quality of the produced silica, resulting in lower values compared with raw diatomite mortars. The mortars’ compressive and flexural strengths slightly decreased when diatomite was used as a substitute, with reductions of up to 10%. Calcined diatomite mortars demonstrated a higher water absorption capacity than raw diatomite mortars. The study concluded that mortars in which 40% of the cement has been partially replaced by either raw diatomite or calcined diatomite offer the most satisfactory thermal performance, while retaining sufficient mechanical strength to enable them to be classified as construction mortars. Calcined diatomite mortars offer favorable performance compared to raw diatomite, suggesting the potential of calcined diatomite to reduce the environmental impact and improve mortar quality, opening prospects for environment-friendly mortars and cost optimization.