Antarctic iceberg melt rate variability and sensitivity to ocean thermal forcing

IF 2.8 3区 地球科学 Q2 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL Journal of Glaciology Pub Date : 2023-08-14 DOI:10.1017/jog.2023.54
E. Enderlin, C. Moffat, Emily E. Miller, Adam Dickson, Caitlin Oliver, Mariama C. Dryák-Vallies, Rainey Aberle
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Abstract

Changes in iceberg calving fluxes and oceanographic conditions around Antarctica have likely influenced the spatial and temporal distribution of iceberg fresh water fluxes to the surrounding ocean basins. However, Antarctic iceberg melt rate estimates have been limited to very large icebergs in the open ocean. Here we use a remote-sensing approach to estimate iceberg melt rates from 2011 to 2022 for 15 study sites around Antarctica. Melt rates generally increase with iceberg draft and follow large-scale variations in ocean temperature: maximum melt rates for the western peninsula, western ice sheet, eastern ice sheet and eastern peninsula are ~50, ~40, ~5 and ~5 m a−1, respectively. Iceberg melt sensitivity to thermal forcing varies widely, with a best-estimate increase in melting of ~24 m a−1°C−1 and range from near-zero to ~100 m a−1°C−1. Variations in water shear likely contribute to the apparent spread in thermal forcing sensitivity across sites. Although the sensitivity of iceberg melt rates to water shear prevents the use of melt rates as a proxy to infer coastal water mass temperature variability, additional coastal iceberg melt observations will likely improve models of Southern Ocean fresh water fluxes and have potential for subglacial discharge plume mapping.
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南极冰山融化速率的可变性和对海洋热强迫的敏感性
南极洲周围冰山崩解通量和海洋学条件的变化可能影响了冰山向周围海洋盆地淡水通量的时空分布。然而,对南极冰山融化速度的估计仅限于公海上非常大的冰山。在这里,我们使用遥感方法估算了2011年至2022年南极洲周围15个研究地点的冰山融化速度。融化速率一般随冰山下沉而增加,并随海洋温度的大尺度变化而增加:西部半岛、西部冰盖、东部冰盖和东部半岛的最大融化速率分别为~50、~40、~5和~5 ma−1。冰山融化对热强迫的敏感性变化很大,最好的估计是融化增加~24 ma - 1°C - 1,范围从接近零到~100 ma - 1°C - 1。水切变的变化可能有助于热强迫敏感性在不同地点的明显扩散。尽管冰山融化速率对水切变的敏感性阻碍了使用融化速率作为推断沿海水团温度变化的代理,但额外的沿海冰山融化观测可能会改进南大洋淡水通量模型,并有可能进行冰下排放羽流测绘。
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来源期刊
Journal of Glaciology
Journal of Glaciology 地学-地球科学综合
CiteScore
5.80
自引率
14.70%
发文量
101
审稿时长
6 months
期刊介绍: Journal of Glaciology publishes original scientific articles and letters in any aspect of glaciology- the study of ice. Studies of natural, artificial, and extraterrestrial ice and snow, as well as interactions between ice, snow and the atmospheric, oceanic and subglacial environment are all eligible. They may be based on field work, remote sensing, laboratory investigations, theoretical analysis or numerical modelling, or may report on newly developed glaciological instruments. Subjects covered recently in the Journal have included palaeoclimatology and the chemistry of the atmosphere as revealed in ice cores; theoretical and applied physics and chemistry of ice; the dynamics of glaciers and ice sheets, and changes in their extent and mass under climatic forcing; glacier energy balances at all scales; glacial landforms, and glaciers as geomorphic agents; snow science in all its aspects; ice as a host for surface and subglacial ecosystems; sea ice, icebergs and lake ice; and avalanche dynamics and other glacial hazards to human activity. Studies of permafrost and of ice in the Earth’s atmosphere are also within the domain of the Journal, as are interdisciplinary applications to engineering, biological, and social sciences, and studies in the history of glaciology.
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