William Carlos Williams and West Coast Poetic Culture: Personalist Poetics from Paterson to Bolinas Mesa

Alan Soldofsky
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Abstract

abstract:This article aims to show the pervasive influence of William Carlos Williams's later more "personalist" work, in particular, on the poetry of Kenneth Rexroth, Philip Whalen, and Joanne Kyger. I analyze how Williams's later poetics influence West Coast poets, particularly Kenneth Rexroth, whose idea of a "personalist" poetics stands opposed to the "impersonalist" aesthetics of T.S. Eliot-Ezra Pound wing of modernism. I then introduce close readings of several poems of Philip Whalen, whose personalist style is more internal and less extraverted than the other poets and represents another step away from the modernist Williams and toward a highly subjective personalist aesthetic where the poem can become a graph of the poet's "mind moving." I go on to argue that Joanne Kyger's poetic practice is much influenced by Whalen's innovative take on Williams's discursive poetics and contend that Kyger's Zen-influenced "poetics of interconnectedness" contribute to her reframing Bolinas as an aesthetic site strongly connected to Williams's post-Paterson sensibilities.
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威廉·卡洛斯·威廉姆斯与西海岸诗歌文化:从帕特森到波利纳斯·梅萨的人格主义诗学
摘要:本文旨在展示威廉·卡洛斯·威廉姆斯后期更为“个人化”的作品,特别是对肯尼斯·雷克罗斯、菲利普·惠伦和乔安妮·凯格诗歌的普遍影响。我分析了威廉姆斯后来的诗学是如何影响西海岸诗人的,特别是肯尼斯·雷克罗斯,他的“个人化”诗学思想与现代主义的T.s.艾略特-埃兹拉-庞德的“非个人化”美学对立。然后,我介绍了菲利普·惠伦的几首诗的细读,他的个人化风格比其他诗人更内在,更少外向,代表着远离现代主义的威廉姆斯,走向高度主观的个人化美学的又一步,在这种美学中,诗可以成为诗人“心灵运动”的图形。“我继续认为,乔安妮·凯格的诗歌实践在很大程度上受到了惠伦对威廉姆斯话语诗学的创新态度的影响,并认为凯格受禅宗影响的“相互联系的诗学”有助于她将博利纳斯重新定义为一个与威廉姆斯后帕特森时代的情感紧密相连的美学场所。
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