Ocular toxoplasmosis – case report and literature review

Abstract

Ocular toxoplasmosis is a retinochoroiditis caused by Toxoplasma gondii infection, the most common cause of posterior infectious uveitis worldwide. Main features: it is a unilateral recurrent focal retinochoroiditis infection, with early manifestation after primary systemic infection, or with late manifestation after reactivation of intraretinal infectious cysts. The diagnosis is mainly clinical, being paraclinical supported by laboratory tests. Associated features: the most common is a unilateral focal ocular pathology, with multiple and bilateral active lesions occurring in a recently acquired infection or in immunocompromised patients. Ocular toxoplasmosis is characterized by posterior, intermediate, and anterior ocular damage; is a retinochoroiditis infection with significant involvement of the vitreous, with increased inflammation, retinal vasculitis, optic disc edema and anterior uveitis. Therapeutic management includes antiparasitic medication and corticosteroid therapy. Regarding pregnancy, it is essential to screen and capture the moment of maternal acute infection during pregnancy in patients with negative IgGs in order to treat the infection, to minimize or even prevent transplacental passage.