The Connection between Gardening and Outdoor Activity during the COVID-19 Pandemic and Perceptions of Hope, Hopelessness, and Levels of Stress, Anxiety, and Depression

IF 1 4区 农林科学 Q3 HORTICULTURE Horttechnology Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI:10.21273/horttech05109-22
Makayla Johnson, T. M. Waliczek, Coleman L. Etheredge, J. Bradley
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Abstract

During the past few years, Americans have experienced a wide variety of stressors, including political tensions, racial/civil unrest, and the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. All of these have led to uncertainty within society. Chronic feelings of helplessness can lead to depression or feelings of hopelessness in those who perceive their situation as unchanging. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impacts of gardening and outdoor activities during the COVID-19 pandemic on perceptions of hope, hopelessness, and levels of depression, stress, and anxiety. Participants of this study were recruited through online social media platforms such as Facebook and Instagram; 458 participants completed the 21-item Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale inventory as well as the Hope Scale. Our data indicated that individuals who self-reported themselves as gardeners had significantly more positive scores related to levels of stress, anxiety, and depression and a sense of hope. Furthermore, gardeners had lower levels of self-reported depression, anxiety, and stress when compared with those who did not identify themselves as gardeners. The gardeners also had a more positive outlook regarding hope for the future. Additionally, a significant positive correlation was found between the number of hours spent participating in gardening and a sense of hope, and a negative correlation was found between the number of hours gardening and stress levels. Similarly, there was a significant negative correlation between the number of hours spent participating in any outdoor activity and self-reported levels of stress, anxiety, or depression; however, there was a positive correlation between the number of hours spent participating in any outdoor activity and a sense of hope. Our data suggested that more hours spent outside gardening or participating in recreational activities led to less perceived stress, anxiety, and depression and greater levels of hope for the future.
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2019冠状病毒病大流行期间园艺和户外活动之间的联系以及对希望、绝望和压力、焦虑和抑郁水平的看法
在过去几年中,美国人经历了各种各样的压力源,包括政治紧张局势、种族/内乱和2019冠状病毒病(新冠肺炎)大流行。所有这些都导致了社会内部的不确定性。对于那些认为自己的处境不变的人来说,长期的无助感会导致抑郁或绝望。本研究的目的是评估新冠肺炎大流行期间园艺和户外活动对希望、绝望以及抑郁、压力和焦虑水平的影响。这项研究的参与者是通过Facebook和Instagram等在线社交媒体平台招募的;458名参与者完成了21项抑郁、焦虑和压力量表以及希望量表。我们的数据表明,自我报告自己是园丁的人在压力、焦虑、抑郁和希望感方面的积极得分要高得多。此外,与那些不认同自己是园丁的人相比,园丁自我报告的抑郁、焦虑和压力水平较低。园丁们对未来的希望也有更积极的展望。此外,参与园艺的小时数与希望感之间存在显著的正相关,园艺的时间数与压力水平之间存在负相关。同样,参与任何户外活动的小时数与自我报告的压力、焦虑或抑郁水平之间存在显著的负相关;然而,参加任何户外活动的时间与希望感之间存在正相关。我们的数据表明,花更多的时间在户外园艺或参加娱乐活动会减少压力、焦虑和抑郁,并对未来抱有更大的希望。
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来源期刊
Horttechnology
Horttechnology 农林科学-园艺
CiteScore
2.30
自引率
10.00%
发文量
67
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: HortTechnology serves as the primary outreach publication of the American Society for Horticultural Science. Its mission is to provide science-based information to professional horticulturists, practitioners, and educators; promote and encourage an interchange of ideas among scientists, educators, and professionals working in horticulture; and provide an opportunity for peer review of practical horticultural information.
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