Ingredient fractionation for monogastric animal nutrition: the worth of sum of parts versus the whole

IF 2.5 2区 农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE Animal Feed Science and Technology Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI:10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2023.115737
Ruurd T. Zijlstra, Eduardo Beltranena
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Abstract

Basic agricultural commodities such as cereal grains, pulses and oilseeds can be fractionated into separate products that can be targeted to high value markets within or outside the feed industry. Resulting nutrient-dense fractions that are enriched in starch, protein, fat, or fibre can then be targeted to animals with different nutritional demands. These value-added nutrient fractions might be targeted at the start of fractionating the commodities or result from human food or biofuel production. Fractions enriched in fibre might be targeted to the feed, paper, or wood industries. Two categories of processes can fractionate cereals, pulses, or oilseeds: (1) an up-front process that produces solely or mostly high value ingredient fractions, or (2) a process that separates one fraction for a high-value market. Examples of category 1 include air classification and sieving. Examples of category 2 include bioethanol production from cereal grains and oil extraction from soybean and canola seed. The resulting non-human edible co-products can be fed to livestock. Dry separation is useful to produce protein-rich fractions from pulse grains. Advantages of dry over wet fractionation are continuous flow rather than batch fractionation, absence of effluents and no drying cost. However, wet fractionation creates more concentrated fractions (isolates) of the nutrient of interest, e.g., protein. Category 1 and 2 processes can occur in tandem. For example, oil can be first extracted from soybeans, resulting in soy oil and soybean meal. Subsequently, soybean meal can be fractionated into protein concentrates or isolates with greater protein content than soybean meal. Fractionation usually has at least one main fraction with a target market in food or industry processes yielding products for human use. This approach is logical, because the feed industry is focussed mostly on small margins and large volumes, whereas higher margins per unit of product can be achieved in markets for food, petfood and feed for fish or animals with high nutritional demands. Animal agriculture remains an ideal approach to convert by-products from ingredient fractionation into high value animal protein. The economic implications of value-added processing are thus important, and sustainable animal agriculture plays a key role turning waste streams into a success story. Although ingredients can be fractionated successfully for animal nutrition, especially for higher margin markets such as aquaculture, petfood or animals with high nutritional demands, most ingredients are fractionated for the human food supply or industrial processes. Using the latter approach with at least one high value fraction targeted to human food or industry and then using non-human edible fractions for feed applications, will ensure that the sum of the parts can be worth more than the whole.

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单胃动物营养的成分分割:部分价值与整体价值的总和
谷物、豆类和油籽等基本农产品可以细分为单独的产品,针对饲料行业内外的高价值市场。由此产生的富含淀粉、蛋白质、脂肪或纤维的营养密集部分,可以针对有不同营养需求的动物。这些增值的营养成分可能是在商品分馏开始时的目标,或者是人类食品或生物燃料生产的结果。富含纤维的馏分可能用于饲料、造纸或木材工业。有两类工艺可以分离谷物、豆类或油籽:(1)只生产或主要生产高价值成分馏分的前期工艺,或(2)分离一种馏分用于高价值市场的工艺。第一类的例子包括空气分级和筛分。第2类的例子包括从谷物中生产生物乙醇和从大豆和油菜籽中提取油。由此产生的非人类可食用的副产品可以喂给牲畜。干式分离对于从脉冲颗粒中生产富含蛋白质的组分是有用的。干法分馏比湿法分馏的优点是连续流动而不是分批分馏,没有废水,没有干燥成本。然而,湿法分馏产生更浓缩的营养成分(分离物),如蛋白质。第1类和第2类过程可以同时发生。例如,可以先从大豆中提取油,得到豆油和豆粕。随后,豆粕可分离成蛋白质含量高于豆粕的蛋白质浓缩物或分离物。分馏通常至少有一个主要部分,其目标市场是食品或生产供人类使用的产品的工业过程。这种做法是合乎逻辑的,因为饲料行业主要关注小利润和大产量,而在食品、宠物食品和营养需求高的鱼类或动物饲料市场,单位产品的利润率更高。畜牧业仍然是将成分分离的副产品转化为高价值动物蛋白的理想途径。因此,增值加工的经济影响是重要的,可持续畜牧业在将废物流转化为成功故事方面发挥着关键作用。虽然成分可以成功地分离用于动物营养,特别是用于水产养殖、宠物食品或营养需求高的动物等高利润市场,但大多数成分都是用于人类食品供应或工业加工的。使用后一种方法,至少有一种针对人类食品或工业的高价值部分,然后使用非人类可食用部分用于饲料应用,将确保部分的总和可能比整体更有价值。
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来源期刊
Animal Feed Science and Technology
Animal Feed Science and Technology 农林科学-奶制品与动物科学
CiteScore
6.00
自引率
6.20%
发文量
266
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: Animal Feed Science and Technology is a unique journal publishing scientific papers of international interest focusing on animal feeds and their feeding. Papers describing research on feed for ruminants and non-ruminants, including poultry, horses, companion animals and aquatic animals, are welcome. The journal covers the following areas: Nutritive value of feeds (e.g., assessment, improvement) Methods of conserving and processing feeds that affect their nutritional value Agronomic and climatic factors influencing the nutritive value of feeds Utilization of feeds and the improvement of such Metabolic, production, reproduction and health responses, as well as potential environmental impacts, of diet inputs and feed technologies (e.g., feeds, feed additives, feed components, mycotoxins) Mathematical models relating directly to animal-feed interactions Analytical and experimental methods for feed evaluation Environmental impacts of feed technologies in animal production.
期刊最新文献
Condensed tannins from black wattle as a promising nutritional additive for Nile tilapia: Growth, immune and antioxidant responses, and gut morphology Dietary supplementation with functional amino acids improves the capacity of growing pigs to cope with a health challenge Effect of psychrotrophic Lactiplantibacillus plantarum L75 with exoploysaccharides-producing property on fermentation, bacterial community, and antioxidant activity of oat silage at low temperature Supplementation of lysophospholipids in calf starter: Effects on growth performance, blood metabolites, health, and ruminal ammonia nitrogen concentration Corrigendum to 'Low sanitary housing conditions increase protein fermentation in piglets but do not aggravate the effects of protein fermentation on intestinal health' [Animal Feed Sci. Technol. 301 (2023) 115669]
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