Animal Feed Science and Technology最新文献

Effects of fermented and unfermented soybean meals on growth, body composition, and digestive enzymes in juvenile white snook (Centropomus viridis)

IF 2.5 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Animal Feed Science and Technology

Pub Date : 2025-03-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116284

Ricardo Pérez-Velasco , Juan Manuel Martínez-Brown , Emmanuel Martínez‑Montaño , Crisantema Hernández

A feeding trial was carried out to evaluate the effects of the partial replacement of fishmeal (FM) with soybean meal (SBM) or Lactobacillus acidophilus-fermented soybean meal (FSBM) on growth, feed efficiency, body composition, and digestive enzyme activity in juvenile white snook, Centropomus viridis. Five experimental diets were formulated, replacing 0 % (control diet), 25 %, or 40 % FM protein with SBM or FSBM. The control diet contained 328.15 g/kg FM and 243.59 g/kg SBM as primary and secondary protein sources, respectively. Each diet was administered for 80 days to quadruplicate groups of fish (n = 60 fish per diet) with an initial weight of 11.42 ± 0.83 g. SBM fermentation increased protein content and reduced trypsin-inhibitor activity. The addition of 370.14 g/kg SBM to aquafeed promoted growth in juvenile C. viridis, although with a significant intraperitoneal fat deposition. In contrast, the combination of 115.04 g/kg FSBM and 243.59 g/kg conventional SBM improved growth performance, the condition index, and protein retention, suggesting enhanced nutrient utilization. Juvenile C. viridis adapted to the antinutritional factors of SBM by increasing the activity of digestive enzymes, mainly acid and alkaline proteases. In contrast, FSBM had a lower impact on digestive enzyme activity than conventional SBM, indicating efficient nutrient utilization without increasing digestive capacity. The study underscores the potential of L. acidophilus-fermented SBM as a viable alternative to fishmeal in aquafeed, with promising benefits for growth and protein retention in white snook.

{"title":"Effects of fermented and unfermented soybean meals on growth, body composition, and digestive enzymes in juvenile white snook (Centropomus viridis)","authors":"Ricardo Pérez-Velasco , Juan Manuel Martínez-Brown , Emmanuel Martínez‑Montaño , Crisantema Hernández","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116284","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116284","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A feeding trial was carried out to evaluate the effects of the partial replacement of fishmeal (FM) with soybean meal (SBM) or <em>Lactobacillus acidophilus</em>-fermented soybean meal (FSBM) on growth, feed efficiency, body composition, and digestive enzyme activity in juvenile white snook, <em>Centropomus viridis</em>. Five experimental diets were formulated, replacing 0 % (control diet), 25 %, or 40 % FM protein with SBM or FSBM. The control diet contained 328.15 g/kg FM and 243.59 g/kg SBM as primary and secondary protein sources, respectively. Each diet was administered for 80 days to quadruplicate groups of fish (<em>n</em> = 60 fish per diet) with an initial weight of 11.42 ± 0.83 g. SBM fermentation increased protein content and reduced trypsin-inhibitor activity. The addition of 370.14 g/kg SBM to aquafeed promoted growth in juvenile <em>C. viridis</em>, although with a significant intraperitoneal fat deposition. In contrast, the combination of 115.04 g/kg FSBM and 243.59 g/kg conventional SBM improved growth performance, the condition index, and protein retention, suggesting enhanced nutrient utilization. Juvenile <em>C. viridis</em> adapted to the antinutritional factors of SBM by increasing the activity of digestive enzymes, mainly acid and alkaline proteases. In contrast, FSBM had a lower impact on digestive enzyme activity than conventional SBM, indicating efficient nutrient utilization without increasing digestive capacity. The study underscores the potential of <em>L. acidophilus</em>-fermented SBM as a viable alternative to fishmeal in aquafeed, with promising benefits for growth and protein retention in white snook.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"323 ","pages":"Article 116284"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143552866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Feeding rate for newly weaned tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) juveniles in a recirculating aquaculture system

IF 2.5 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Animal Feed Science and Technology

Pub Date : 2025-03-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116285

Bruno José Corecha Fernandes Eiras , Paola Fabiana Fazzi Gomes , Debora Sayumi Doami Melo , Jhonas Warlenson Palheta Nobre , Helen Cristiane Araújo Souza , Marcela Cardoso Sena , Joane Natividade , Igor Hamoy , Glauber David Almeida Palheta , Nuno Filipe Alves Correia de Melo , André Luiz Alves de Sá , Rodrigo Takata , Fabio Carneiro Sterzelecki

Determining the optimal feeding rate for fish is crucial to promote growth and feed efficiency, avoid wastage, and maintain water quality. Endogenous factors and the farming environment can influence the feeding rate. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effects of five different feeding rates on water quality, growth performance and gene expression in newly weaned tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) juveniles reared in a recirculating aquaculture system. Five feeding rates were tested in triplicate: 5 %, 10 %, 15 %, 20 %, and 25 % of biomass daily for 28 days. Dissolved oxygen levels were higher only in the fish tanks fed with 5 % of biomass. The greatest total length, length gain, length gain rate, weight, weight gain, weight gain rate, and specific growth rate were observed in tambaqui juveniles fed with 10 %, 15 %, 20 %, and 25 % of biomass, respectively. However, segmented regression analysis determined that the optimal theoretical total length and weight corresponded to feeding rates of 10.35 % and 11.87 % of biomass, respectively. Ghrelin and leptin were directly proportional to the increase in feeding rate, although there was no difference in the expression of myod and myog genes in tambaqui fed at different feeding rates. For optimal feed utilization and productivity, we conclude that feeding tambaqui juveniles at 11.87 % of biomass per day is most suitable for this species during the nursery phase in a recirculating aquaculture system.

{"title":"Feeding rate for newly weaned tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) juveniles in a recirculating aquaculture system","authors":"Bruno José Corecha Fernandes Eiras , Paola Fabiana Fazzi Gomes , Debora Sayumi Doami Melo , Jhonas Warlenson Palheta Nobre , Helen Cristiane Araújo Souza , Marcela Cardoso Sena , Joane Natividade , Igor Hamoy , Glauber David Almeida Palheta , Nuno Filipe Alves Correia de Melo , André Luiz Alves de Sá , Rodrigo Takata , Fabio Carneiro Sterzelecki","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116285","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116285","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Determining the optimal feeding rate for fish is crucial to promote growth and feed efficiency, avoid wastage, and maintain water quality. Endogenous factors and the farming environment can influence the feeding rate. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effects of five different feeding rates on water quality, growth performance and gene expression in newly weaned tambaqui (<em>Colossoma macropomum</em>) juveniles reared in a recirculating aquaculture system. Five feeding rates were tested in triplicate: 5 %, 10 %, 15 %, 20 %, and 25 % of biomass daily for 28 days. Dissolved oxygen levels were higher only in the fish tanks fed with 5 % of biomass. The greatest total length, length gain, length gain rate, weight, weight gain, weight gain rate, and specific growth rate were observed in tambaqui juveniles fed with 10 %, 15 %, 20 %, and 25 % of biomass, respectively. However, segmented regression analysis determined that the optimal theoretical total length and weight corresponded to feeding rates of 10.35 % and 11.87 % of biomass, respectively. Ghrelin and leptin were directly proportional to the increase in feeding rate, although there was no difference in the expression of <em>myod</em> and <em>myog</em> genes in tambaqui fed at different feeding rates. For optimal feed utilization and productivity, we conclude that feeding tambaqui juveniles at 11.87 % of biomass per day is most suitable for this species during the nursery phase in a recirculating aquaculture system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"323 ","pages":"Article 116285"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143552867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Assessment of encapsulation of digestive enzymes recovered from South Atlantic fish wastes for potential biotechnological applications

IF 2.5 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Animal Feed Science and Technology

Pub Date : 2025-02-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116278

Ivana Soledad Friedman , Analía Verónica Fernández-Gimenez , Francisco Javier Alarcón-López , Antonio Jesús Vizcaíno

Fish viscera represent an abundant and cost-effective source of digestive enzymes, particularly proteinases, which can be readily extracted and employed as bioactive components in various industrial processes to obtain value-added products. However, proteinases are sensitive to environmental factors. A successful method for maintaining their enzymatic activity is encapsulation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the encapsulation efficiency of alkaline and acid proteinases derived from wastes of the commercial fish species Merluccius hubbsi and Percophis brasiliensis from the Southwest Atlantic Ocean, and to determine the stability of their enzymatic activity under different storage conditions (room temperature and 4ºC). In addition, the effectiveness of the encapsulated proteinases using an in vitro digestion simulation assay was assessed. The results indicated that P. brasiliensis proteinases immobilized in fresh microcapsules and stored at 4°C remained stable for 60 days. Alkaline proteinases stored in freeze-dried microcapsules from both species, and fresh microcapsules from P. brasiliensis, retained their activity at both storage temperatures for 60 days. Aspartic proteinases from both species, encapsulated in freeze-dried capsules and stored at 4°C, maintained catalytic activity. In vitro enzymatic hydrolysis assays confirmed that casein is hydrolyzed after 60 min by both the encapsulated and free enzymes. In turn, the amount of free amino acids released from casein leveled off after 180 min of in vitro assay. These results evidenced that encapsulation using a combination of alginate and chitosan is a promising tool for different biotechnological applications of these fish enzymes such as elaboration of commercial detergent additives and aquafeeds.

{"title":"Assessment of encapsulation of digestive enzymes recovered from South Atlantic fish wastes for potential biotechnological applications","authors":"Ivana Soledad Friedman , Analía Verónica Fernández-Gimenez , Francisco Javier Alarcón-López , Antonio Jesús Vizcaíno","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116278","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116278","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fish viscera represent an abundant and cost-effective source of digestive enzymes, particularly proteinases, which can be readily extracted and employed as bioactive components in various industrial processes to obtain value-added products. However, proteinases are sensitive to environmental factors. A successful method for maintaining their enzymatic activity is encapsulation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the encapsulation efficiency of alkaline and acid proteinases derived from wastes of the commercial fish species <em>Merluccius hubbsi</em> and <em>Percophis brasiliensis</em> from the Southwest Atlantic Ocean, and to determine the stability of their enzymatic activity under different storage conditions (room temperature and 4ºC). In addition, the effectiveness of the encapsulated proteinases using an <em>in vitro</em> digestion simulation assay was assessed. The results indicated that <em>P. brasiliensis</em> proteinases immobilized in fresh microcapsules and stored at 4°C remained stable for 60 days. Alkaline proteinases stored in freeze-dried microcapsules from both species, and fresh microcapsules from <em>P. brasiliensis</em>, retained their activity at both storage temperatures for 60 days. Aspartic proteinases from both species, encapsulated in freeze-dried capsules and stored at 4°C, maintained catalytic activity. <em>In vitro</em> enzymatic hydrolysis assays confirmed that casein is hydrolyzed after 60 min by both the encapsulated and free enzymes. In turn, the amount of free amino acids released from casein leveled off after 180 min of <em>in vitro</em> assay. These results evidenced that encapsulation using a combination of alginate and chitosan is a promising tool for different biotechnological applications of these fish enzymes such as elaboration of commercial detergent additives and aquafeeds.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"323 ","pages":"Article 116278"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143552869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Can feedlot cattle increase productivity and decrease methane emissions by lowering the straw particle size?

IF 2.5 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Animal Feed Science and Technology

Pub Date : 2025-02-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116282

Amira Arbaoui , Gonzalo Gonzalo , Alejandro Belanche , Antonio de Vega

The objective of this study was to assess the effect of using ground and pelleted straw, instead of straw in the long form, on feed utilization by and methane production from feedlot cattle. Eighteen Montbéliarde cross bred male beef calves (358 ± 3,8 kg and 251 ± 0,5 days) were assigned to two treatments (9 animals per treatment) in a Randomized Complete Block Design: large straw (LS), and ground (6 mm sieve) and pelleted (8 mm granule diameter) straw (PS), both offered ad libitum. All animals were fitted in the dorsal sac of the rumen with a 15 mm internal diameter permanent cannula, and consumed the same concentrate ad libitum. Average daily gain, and intake of straw and concentrate, were recorded through a sixteen-week period. Digestibility was estimated using chromic oxide as marker, and rumen liquid and gas samples were obtained at different times of the day in two occasions during the experimental period to characterize rumen fermentation. Abundance of total bacteria, methanogens, protozoa and anaerobic fungi was also analysed. All animals were slaughtered at a target LW of 500 kg, and dressing percentage and carcass classification were obtained from the slaughterhouse. All data were analysed using the PROC MIXED of SAS. The results showed that the particle size of straw had not a significant effect (P > 0.05) on final live weight (LW), average daily gain, carcass dressing percentage, intake of straw, concentrate, dry matter or digestible organic matter, digestibility values, production of methane (CH₄) and carbon dioxide (CO₂), and abundance of microorganisms in the rumen. However, animals fed pelleted straw had lower rumen pH (5.97 vs 6.43, P = 0,0423), and tended to have lower rumen protozoal concentration (P = 0.0826), suggesting a higher risk of experiencing rumen acidosis than those fed long straw. In conclusion, reducing the particle size of straw does not seem a suitable strategy to reduce methane production or prevent rumen acidosis in feedlot cattle.

{"title":"Can feedlot cattle increase productivity and decrease methane emissions by lowering the straw particle size?","authors":"Amira Arbaoui , Gonzalo Gonzalo , Alejandro Belanche , Antonio de Vega","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116282","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116282","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The objective of this study was to assess the effect of using ground and pelleted straw, instead of straw in the long form, on feed utilization by and methane production from feedlot cattle. Eighteen Montbéliarde cross bred male beef calves (358 ± 3,8 kg and 251 ± 0,5 days) were assigned to two treatments (9 animals per treatment) in a Randomized Complete Block Design: large straw (LS), and ground (6 mm sieve) and pelleted (8 mm granule diameter) straw (PS), both offered <em>ad libitum</em>. All animals were fitted in the dorsal sac of the rumen with a 15 mm internal diameter permanent cannula, and consumed the same concentrate <em>ad libitum</em>. Average daily gain, and intake of straw and concentrate, were recorded through a sixteen-week period. Digestibility was estimated using chromic oxide as marker, and rumen liquid and gas samples were obtained at different times of the day in two occasions during the experimental period to characterize rumen fermentation. Abundance of total bacteria, methanogens, protozoa and anaerobic fungi was also analysed. All animals were slaughtered at a target LW of 500 kg, and dressing percentage and carcass classification were obtained from the slaughterhouse. All data were analysed using the PROC MIXED of SAS. The results showed that the particle size of straw had not a significant effect (<em>P</em> > 0.05) on final live weight (LW), average daily gain, carcass dressing percentage, intake of straw, concentrate, dry matter or digestible organic matter, digestibility values, production of methane (CH₄) and carbon dioxide (CO₂), and abundance of microorganisms in the rumen. However, animals fed pelleted straw had lower rumen pH (5.97 vs 6.43, P = 0,0423), and tended to have lower rumen protozoal concentration (P = 0.0826), suggesting a higher risk of experiencing rumen acidosis than those fed long straw. In conclusion, reducing the particle size of straw does not seem a suitable strategy to reduce methane production or prevent rumen acidosis in feedlot cattle.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"323 ","pages":"Article 116282"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143527485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effects of dietary vitamin A supplementation on growth, immune response, and lipid metabolism in mid-stage Epinephelus coioides

IF 2.5 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Animal Feed Science and Technology

Pub Date : 2025-02-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116274

Alatwinusa Yohana Mpwaga , Ray Watson Gyan , Ming Yan Ding , Beiping Tan , Shuyan Chi , Qihui Yang

In a 70-day experiment, we conducted a study to investigate the impact of vitamin A supplementation on growth performance, immunology, and fat metabolites in mid-stage groupers (Epinephelus coioides). The experimental diets were enriched with six different levels of vitamin A: 0 (control group), 1000, 2000, 4000, 8000, and 20,000 IUVAkg-1. Each group in the experiment consisted of three replicates, totaling 540 fish randomly distributed among 30 tanks, with an initial average weight of 81.50 ± 0.05 g. The findings of the study revealed that the group supplemented with 1000 IU/kg of vitamin A exhibited the highest weight growth rate (WGR) and specific growth rate (SGR), as well as the lowest feed conversion ratio (FCR). No mortality was observed in any of the treatment groups. Additionally, the activity of acid phosphatase (ACP) increased with higher levels of vitamin A supplementation, with the control group displaying the lowest value. The 1000 IU/kg treatment showed the highest serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, indicating that adequate vitamin A intake can protect the antioxidant system from oxidative stress. Furthermore, fatty acid synthase (FAS) mRNA activity was up-regulated in fish fed with increasing dietary vitamin A. The broken-line regression model can accurately represent the correlation between WGR and the optimal vitamin A dosage in E. coioides during the mid-stage. This model indicates that the ideal vitamin A dose for optimal results is 1493 IU/kg. This dosage has enhanced growth performance, boosted immune response, and improved lipid metabolism in E. coioides.

{"title":"Effects of dietary vitamin A supplementation on growth, immune response, and lipid metabolism in mid-stage Epinephelus coioides","authors":"Alatwinusa Yohana Mpwaga , Ray Watson Gyan , Ming Yan Ding , Beiping Tan , Shuyan Chi , Qihui Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116274","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116274","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In a 70-day experiment, we conducted a study to investigate the impact of vitamin A supplementation on growth performance, immunology, and fat metabolites in mid-stage groupers (<em>Epinephelus coioides</em>). The experimental diets were enriched with six different levels of vitamin A: 0 (control group), 1000, 2000, 4000, 8000, and 20,000 IUVAkg-1. Each group in the experiment consisted of three replicates, totaling 540 fish randomly distributed among 30 tanks, with an initial average weight of 81.50 ± 0.05 g. The findings of the study revealed that the group supplemented with 1000 IU/kg of vitamin A exhibited the highest weight growth rate (WGR) and specific growth rate (SGR), as well as the lowest feed conversion ratio (FCR). No mortality was observed in any of the treatment groups. Additionally, the activity of acid phosphatase (ACP) increased with higher levels of vitamin A supplementation, with the control group displaying the lowest value. The 1000 IU/kg treatment showed the highest serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, indicating that adequate vitamin A intake can protect the antioxidant system from oxidative stress. Furthermore, fatty acid synthase (FAS) mRNA activity was up-regulated in fish fed with increasing dietary vitamin A. The broken-line regression model can accurately represent the correlation between WGR and the optimal vitamin A dosage in <em>E. coioides</em> during the mid-stage. This model indicates that the ideal vitamin A dose for optimal results is 1493 IU/kg. This dosage has enhanced growth performance, boosted immune response, and improved lipid metabolism in <em>E. coioides</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"323 ","pages":"Article 116274"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143552864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Phytase top-coated onto extruded all-vegetable diets reduces the need for dicalcium phosphate and decreases phosphorus loss in fast-growing juvenile Nile tilapia

IF 2.5 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Animal Feed Science and Technology

Pub Date : 2025-02-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116280

Tânia Cristina Pontes , Johnny Martins de Brito , Thais Pereira da Cruz , Bruno Wernick , Valéria Rossetto Barriviera Furuya , Wilson Massamitu Furuya

This study evaluated the effects of reducing dietary dicalcium phosphate (DP) levels by supplementing liquid-form phytase (PHY) at 1000 PHY units (FTU)/kg diet on growth performance, vertebral mineralization, plasma parameters, and phosphorus (P) loss of juvenile Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Fish (n = 240; 12.1 ± 0.4 g) were distributed into 20–70 L each aquarium in a completely randomized design with 5 treatments and 4 replicates of 12 fish each. Dietary treatments comprised a nutritionally adequate positive control diet containing 300.5 g/kg crude protein, 18.9 MJ/kg digestible energy and 8.6 g/kg available P (PC); a P-deficient negative control diet without DP or PHY (NC); and three additional diets based on the NC diet: one without DP (NC1) plus PHY, one with 10 g/kg DP (NC2) plus PHY, and one with 20 g/kg DP (NC3) plus PHY. Fish were hand-fed 6 times daily until apparent satiety for 8 weeks. Fish fed PC and NC2 diets displayed similar body weight gain (BWG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), whole-body ash, calcium (Ca) and P, vertebrae Ca, P and manganese (Mn), and plasmatic P levels, which were higher than those fed NC diet. Feed efficiency ratio (FER), vertebrae zinc (Zn), plasmatic Ca, and cholesterol responses were not affected by dietary treatments. Compared to PC diet, fish fed NC2 diet showed markedly reduced lower P loss by −0.4 g/kg of BWG. This study identified PHY enabling a 20 g/kg reduction in dietary DP without negatively impacting the growth performance and health of juvenile Nile tilapia.

{"title":"Phytase top-coated onto extruded all-vegetable diets reduces the need for dicalcium phosphate and decreases phosphorus loss in fast-growing juvenile Nile tilapia","authors":"Tânia Cristina Pontes , Johnny Martins de Brito , Thais Pereira da Cruz , Bruno Wernick , Valéria Rossetto Barriviera Furuya , Wilson Massamitu Furuya","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116280","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116280","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study evaluated the effects of reducing dietary dicalcium phosphate (DP) levels by supplementing liquid-form phytase (PHY) at 1000 PHY units (FTU)/kg diet on growth performance, vertebral mineralization, plasma parameters, and phosphorus (P) loss of juvenile Nile tilapia, <em>Oreochromis niloticus</em>. Fish (<em>n</em> = 240; 12.1 ± 0.4 g) were distributed into 20–70 L each aquarium in a completely randomized design with 5 treatments and 4 replicates of 12 fish each. Dietary treatments comprised a nutritionally adequate positive control diet containing 300.5 g/kg crude protein, 18.9 MJ/kg digestible energy and 8.6 g/kg available P (PC); a P-deficient negative control diet without DP or PHY (NC); and three additional diets based on the NC diet: one without DP (NC1) plus PHY, one with 10 g/kg DP (NC2) plus PHY, and one with 20 g/kg DP (NC3) plus PHY. Fish were hand-fed 6 times daily until apparent satiety for 8 weeks. Fish fed PC and NC2 diets displayed similar body weight gain (BWG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), whole-body ash, calcium (Ca) and P, vertebrae Ca, P and manganese (Mn), and plasmatic P levels, which were higher than those fed NC diet. Feed efficiency ratio (FER), vertebrae zinc (Zn), plasmatic Ca, and cholesterol responses were not affected by dietary treatments. Compared to PC diet, fish fed NC2 diet showed markedly reduced lower P loss by −0.4 g/kg of BWG. This study identified PHY enabling a 20 g/kg reduction in dietary DP without negatively impacting the growth performance and health of juvenile Nile tilapia.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"323 ","pages":"Article 116280"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143552868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effects of partial and complete replacement of fish oil with perilla oil on growth performance, feed efficiency, health status, and fatty acid accumulation in flesh of Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer) reared in freshwater

IF 2.5 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Animal Feed Science and Technology

Pub Date : 2025-02-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116277

Siriporn Tola , Mercy-Shalom Kehinde Adepoju , Bundit Yuangsoi , Siripavee Charoenwattanasak , Kritsana Jatuwong , Mintra Seel-audom

This study investigated the effects of partial and complete replacement of fish oil with perilla oil on growth performance, feed efficiency, health status, proximate analysis, and fatty acid composition in flesh of Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer) reared in freshwater. Five diets were prepared: a control diet based on a basal diet with 12 % fish oil (F12), two vegetable oil-based diets, in which fish oil was replaced entirely with soybean oil (S12) or perilla oil (P12), 8 % (P8), and 4 % (P4). Asian seabass were fed until satiation twice daily for 8 weeks. Partial and total replacement of fish oil with perilla oil did not negatively affect feed intake, growth rate, FCR, PER, lipid and protein retentions, proximate composition, intraperitoneal fat index, and hepatosomatic index of Asian seabass (P > 0.05). Total cholesterol of fish fed S12 was higher than that of fish fed P12 (P < 0.05). While high-density lipoprotein (HDL) of Asian seabass fed S12 was higher than that of fish fed F12 (P < 0.05). The other biochemical parameters analysed were similar between diets. Linolenic acid increased in fish flesh with increasing levels of fish oil replacement with perilla oil. In contrast, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) levels decreased (P < 0.05). Replacement or substituting fish oil with perilla oil changed the fatty acid profile of the flesh but did not impact the growth and health of Asian seabass.

{"title":"Effects of partial and complete replacement of fish oil with perilla oil on growth performance, feed efficiency, health status, and fatty acid accumulation in flesh of Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer) reared in freshwater","authors":"Siriporn Tola , Mercy-Shalom Kehinde Adepoju , Bundit Yuangsoi , Siripavee Charoenwattanasak , Kritsana Jatuwong , Mintra Seel-audom","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116277","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116277","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the effects of partial and complete replacement of fish oil with perilla oil on growth performance, feed efficiency, health status, proximate analysis, and fatty acid composition in flesh of Asian seabass (<em>Lates calcarifer</em>) reared in freshwater. Five diets were prepared: a control diet based on a basal diet with 12 % fish oil (F12), two vegetable oil-based diets, in which fish oil was replaced entirely with soybean oil (S12) or perilla oil (P12), 8 % (P8), and 4 % (P4). Asian seabass were fed until satiation twice daily for 8 weeks. Partial and total replacement of fish oil with perilla oil did not negatively affect feed intake, growth rate, FCR, PER, lipid and protein retentions, proximate composition, intraperitoneal fat index, and hepatosomatic index of Asian seabass (P > 0.05). Total cholesterol of fish fed S12 was higher than that of fish fed P12 (P < 0.05). While high-density lipoprotein (HDL) of Asian seabass fed S12 was higher than that of fish fed F12 (P < 0.05). The other biochemical parameters analysed were similar between diets. Linolenic acid increased in fish flesh with increasing levels of fish oil replacement with perilla oil. In contrast, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) levels decreased (P < 0.05). Replacement or substituting fish oil with perilla oil changed the fatty acid profile of the flesh but did not impact the growth and health of Asian seabass.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"323 ","pages":"Article 116277"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143552878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effects of different dietary binders on growth, body composition, intestinal barrier and target of rapamycin pathway of juvenile largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides)

IF 2.5 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Animal Feed Science and Technology

Pub Date : 2025-02-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116275

Ye Gong , Zheng Chen , Runwei Miao , Shiwen Chen , Zhang Sen , Xuxiong Huang , Naisong Chen , Songlin Li

An 8-week experiment was conducted to explore the effects of dietary binder sources on juvenile largemouth bass (initial body weight: 32.00 ± 0.10 g). Five isolipidic diets were designed, supplementing with different binder sources: sodium alginate (SA), carrageenan (CG), hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC), gelatin (GT), and starch (SC). Each diet was fed to triplicate groups with 30 fish in each group twice daily. The results showed that dietary inclusion of GT significantly improved the growth performance of cultured fish. Meanwhile, the protein efficiency ratio in the GT group was significantly higher than that of other groups, while the feed conversion rate in GT group was significantly lower than that of other groups. Gene expression analysis showed that SA, CG and GT inclusion up-regulated the expression of claudin-1 and claudin-4 compared to other groups. The expression of mucin 2 (muc2) in the GT group was significantly higher than that in HPMC group and SC group, and the highest expression of occluding was also observed in this group. In addition, the relative expression levels of target of rapamycin (tor), protein kinase B α (akt1) and S6 kinase beta-1 isoform l (s6kβ1) in SA, CG and GT groups were higher compared to the other two groups. Meanwhile, the relative expression of ribosomal protein S6 (s6) in the GT group was significantly higher than HPMC and SC groups. In summary, in this experiment, consider the results on growth performance and intestinal barrier function, GT was the appropriate binder for juvenile largemouth bass.

{"title":"Effects of different dietary binders on growth, body composition, intestinal barrier and target of rapamycin pathway of juvenile largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides)","authors":"Ye Gong , Zheng Chen , Runwei Miao , Shiwen Chen , Zhang Sen , Xuxiong Huang , Naisong Chen , Songlin Li","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116275","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116275","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An 8-week experiment was conducted to explore the effects of dietary binder sources on juvenile largemouth bass (initial body weight: 32.00 ± 0.10 g). Five isolipidic diets were designed, supplementing with different binder sources: sodium alginate (SA), carrageenan (CG), hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC), gelatin (GT), and starch (SC). Each diet was fed to triplicate groups with 30 fish in each group twice daily. The results showed that dietary inclusion of GT significantly improved the growth performance of cultured fish. Meanwhile, the protein efficiency ratio in the GT group was significantly higher than that of other groups, while the feed conversion rate in GT group was significantly lower than that of other groups. Gene expression analysis showed that SA, CG and GT inclusion up-regulated the expression of <em>claudin-1</em> and <em>claudin-4</em> compared to other groups. The expression of mucin 2 (<em>muc2</em>) in the GT group was significantly higher than that in HPMC group and SC group, and the highest expression of <em>occluding</em> was also observed in this group. In addition, the relative expression levels of target of rapamycin (<em>tor</em>), protein kinase B α (<em>akt1</em>) and S6 kinase beta-1 isoform l (<em>s6kβ1</em>) in SA, CG and GT groups were higher compared to the other two groups. Meanwhile, the relative expression of ribosomal protein S6 (<em>s6</em>) in the GT group was significantly higher than HPMC and SC groups. In summary, in this experiment, consider the results on growth performance and intestinal barrier function, GT was the appropriate binder for juvenile largemouth bass.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"322 ","pages":"Article 116275"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143519906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Protective efficacy of dietary rosmarinic acid and Bacillus subtilis on growth, health parameters and resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila in common carp (Cyprinus carpio)

IF 2.5 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Animal Feed Science and Technology

Pub Date : 2025-02-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116276

Sahar Shahraki , Ehsan Ahmadifar , Mohsen Shahriari Moghadam , Najmeh Sheikhzadeh , Sedigheh Mohammadzadeh , Seyed Hossein Hoseinifar , Hien Van Doan

Probiotics and polyphenols are the functional ingredients for their antimicrobial, immunomodulatory and growth enhancing properties. However, the combined effects of these additives in fish species have rarely been evaluated. The present study was done to evaluate the effects of Bacillus subtilis probiotic and rosmarinic acid alone or in combination on growth, digestive enzyme activities, serum antioxidant and immune indices as well as disease resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila in juvenile common carp (Cyprinus carpio). A total number of 240 Common carp with mean weight of 13.77 ± 0.78 (mean + SE) were randomly distributed into four groups with three replicates (20 fish per replicate) and fed with 5 × 10⁹ CFU Bacillus subtilis/g feed (BS), 600 mg rosmarinic acid/kg feed (RA), combination of these additives (BS+RA) or the control diet (C) by apparent satiation three times a day for 8 weeks. The results of the present experiment indicated that growth rates, digestive enzyme activities as well as serum immunological parameters were higher in all treated groups, especially BS+RA group, compared to the values achieved in the C group (P < 0.05). Serum biochemical indices, including antioxidant-related enzyme activities were improved in the RA and BS+RA compared to the control fish (P < 0.05). The cumulative mortality rate was 50.00 %, 43.33 % and 40.00 % in BS, RA and BS+RA groups, respectively, compared to 60.00 % mortality in the control fish after challenging with Aeromonas hydrophila (P < 0.05). This study indicated that the eight-week dietary administration of rosmarinic acid and B. subtilis, especially in combination, improved growth rate, digestive enzyme activity, serum immunological and antioxidant responses, and disease resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila in common carp.

{"title":"Protective efficacy of dietary rosmarinic acid and Bacillus subtilis on growth, health parameters and resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila in common carp (Cyprinus carpio)","authors":"Sahar Shahraki , Ehsan Ahmadifar , Mohsen Shahriari Moghadam , Najmeh Sheikhzadeh , Sedigheh Mohammadzadeh , Seyed Hossein Hoseinifar , Hien Van Doan","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116276","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116276","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Probiotics and polyphenols are the functional ingredients for their antimicrobial, immunomodulatory and growth enhancing properties. However, the combined effects of these additives in fish species have rarely been evaluated. The present study was done to evaluate the effects of <em>Bacillus subtilis</em> probiotic and rosmarinic acid alone or in combination on growth, digestive enzyme activities, serum antioxidant and immune indices as well as disease resistance to Aeromonas <em>hydrophila</em> in juvenile common carp (<em>Cyprinus carpio</em>). A total number of 240 Common carp with mean weight of 13.77 ± 0.78 (mean + SE) were randomly distributed into four groups with three replicates (20 fish per replicate) and fed with 5 × 10<sup>9</sup> CFU <em>Bacillus subtilis</em>/g feed (BS), 600 mg rosmarinic acid/kg feed (RA), combination of these additives (BS+RA) or the control diet (C) by apparent satiation three times a day for 8 weeks. The results of the present experiment indicated that growth rates, digestive enzyme activities as well as serum immunological parameters were higher in all treated groups, especially BS+RA group, compared to the values achieved in the C group (<em>P</em> < 0.05). Serum biochemical indices, including antioxidant-related enzyme activities were improved in the RA and BS+RA compared to the control fish (<em>P</em> < 0.05). The cumulative mortality rate was 50.00 %, 43.33 % and 40.00 % in BS, RA and BS+RA groups, respectively, compared to 60.00 % mortality in the control fish after challenging with <em>Aeromonas hydrophila</em> (<em>P</em> < 0.05). This study indicated that the eight-week dietary administration of rosmarinic acid and <em>B. subtilis</em>, especially in combination, improved growth rate, digestive enzyme activity, serum immunological and antioxidant responses, and disease resistance to <em>Aeromonas hydrophila</em> in common carp.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"323 ","pages":"Article 116276"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143552865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Replacement of soya bean meal and corn by field peas in young bulls fattening diets: Performance, rumen fermentation, nitrogen use and metabolism

IF 2.5 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Animal Feed Science and Technology

Pub Date : 2025-02-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116273

Isabel Casasús , Daniel Villalba , Margalida Joy , Sandra Costa-Roura , Mireia Blanco

This study explored the interest in field peas replacing soya bean meal and corn at different rates in beef fattening diets by assessing impacts on animal performance, ruminal fermentation, nitrogen use and economic output. Thirty-two Parda de Montaña young bulls (210 ± 24.3 kg BW) were randomly assigned to one of four treatments (0 %, 15 %, 30 %, 45 % peas in isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets). After 23 d adaptation, fattening was divided into Growing (first 134 d) and Finishing (from d 135–500 kg - target slaughter BW). Daily weight gains were higher (P < 0.001) and the DM intake and feed conversion ratio were lower (P < 0.001) during Growing vs. Finishing. Ruminal NH₃-N concentrations were lower and total VFA were higher during Growing vs. Finishing (P < 0.001). Increasing proportion of field peas did not affect daily gains or carcass traits, tended to have a cubic effect on DM intake (P = 0.06) and a quadratic effect on days on feed (P = 0.09), but did not affect the feed conversion ratio. Ruminal fluid pH decreased and total VFA increased linearly with increased pea inclusion, whereas NH₃-N concentration (P = 0.06) and the proportions of propionic (P = 0.06) and butyric acids (P = 0.06) tended to display quadratic patterns, but acetic acid was not affected (P = 0.18). N intake did not differ among diets, but faecal N excretion decreased linearly (P = 0.002) and urine N excretion increased linearly (P = 0.02) with increasing proportion of pea. The gross margin obtained with 30 % peas was the best in four scenarios considering different relative feed ingredient prices. These results support the interest in including up to 30 % field peas in beef fattening diets but given the shift in the route of N excretion from faeces to urine, irrespectively of the period, these alternatives’ environmental interest should be assessed at a territorial scale.

{"title":"Replacement of soya bean meal and corn by field peas in young bulls fattening diets: Performance, rumen fermentation, nitrogen use and metabolism","authors":"Isabel Casasús , Daniel Villalba , Margalida Joy , Sandra Costa-Roura , Mireia Blanco","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116273","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116273","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explored the interest in field peas replacing soya bean meal and corn at different rates in beef fattening diets by assessing impacts on animal performance, ruminal fermentation, nitrogen use and economic output. Thirty-two Parda de Montaña young bulls (210 ± 24.3 kg BW) were randomly assigned to one of four treatments (0 %, 15 %, 30 %, 45 % peas in isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets). After 23 d adaptation, fattening was divided into Growing (first 134 d) and Finishing (from d 135–500 kg - target slaughter BW). Daily weight gains were higher (P < 0.001) and the DM intake and feed conversion ratio were lower (P < 0.001) during Growing vs. Finishing. Ruminal NH<sub>3</sub>-N concentrations were lower and total VFA were higher during Growing vs. Finishing (P < 0.001). Increasing proportion of field peas did not affect daily gains or carcass traits, tended to have a cubic effect on DM intake (P = 0.06) and a quadratic effect on days on feed (P = 0.09), but did not affect the feed conversion ratio. Ruminal fluid pH decreased and total VFA increased linearly with increased pea inclusion, whereas NH<sub>3</sub>-N concentration (P = 0.06) and the proportions of propionic (P = 0.06) and butyric acids (P = 0.06) tended to display quadratic patterns, but acetic acid was not affected (P = 0.18). N intake did not differ among diets, but faecal N excretion decreased linearly (P = 0.002) and urine N excretion increased linearly (P = 0.02) with increasing proportion of pea. The gross margin obtained with 30 % peas was the best in four scenarios considering different relative feed ingredient prices. These results support the interest in including up to 30 % field peas in beef fattening diets but given the shift in the route of N excretion from faeces to urine, irrespectively of the period, these alternatives’ environmental interest should be assessed at a territorial scale.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"322 ","pages":"Article 116273"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143488485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0