Pub Date : 2024-11-23DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116153
Md Raihanul Hoque , Jae Hong Park , In Ho Kim
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different dietary fat sources and their combinations on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, fecal score and meat quality in pigs of different ages. For experiments 1, 2 and 3, a total of 108 weaned pigs, 96 growing pigs and 84 finishing pigs were divided into pens according to their body weight (BW) and gender. They were assigned to three dietary treatments according to a completely randomized block design. For experiment 1, the dietary treatments were as follows: 1) TRT1, basal diet with lard as the fat source; 2) TRT2, basal diet with soy oil as the fat source 3) TRT3, basal diet with lard and soy oil in a 1:1 ratio as the fat source. For experiments 2 and 3, dietary treatments were 1) TRT1, basal diet with tallow as the fat source, 2) TRT2, basal diet with crude palm oil as the fat source, 3) TRT3, basal diet with tallow and crude palm oil in a 1:1 ratio as the fat source. In later stages, increased BW (P = 0.041) and average daily gain (ADG) were observed in TRT3 compared to TRT1 in experiment 1 (P = 0.041). In experiment 2, higher BW (P = 0.029) and ADG (P = 0.031) were observed in TRT1 compared to TRT2 in week 1 and phase 1. Experiment 3 showed no effect (P > 0.05) of dietary fat sources. Although a minor effect was observed in weaning pig and growing pig, soy oil and lard; tallow and palm oil can be suitable substitutes for each other in overall pig production.
{"title":"Evaluation of different fat sources and their combinations on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, fecal score, and meat quality of pigs of different ages","authors":"Md Raihanul Hoque , Jae Hong Park , In Ho Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116153","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116153","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different dietary fat sources and their combinations on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, fecal score and meat quality in pigs of different ages. For experiments 1, 2 and 3, a total of 108 weaned pigs, 96 growing pigs and 84 finishing pigs were divided into pens according to their body weight (BW) and gender. They were assigned to three dietary treatments according to a completely randomized block design. For experiment 1, the dietary treatments were as follows: 1) TRT1, basal diet with lard as the fat source; 2) TRT2, basal diet with soy oil as the fat source 3) TRT3, basal diet with lard and soy oil in a 1:1 ratio as the fat source. For experiments 2 and 3, dietary treatments were 1) TRT1, basal diet with tallow as the fat source, 2) TRT2, basal diet with crude palm oil as the fat source, 3) TRT3, basal diet with tallow and crude palm oil in a 1:1 ratio as the fat source. In later stages, increased BW (P = 0.041) and average daily gain (ADG) were observed in TRT3 compared to TRT1 in experiment 1 (P = 0.041). In experiment 2, higher BW (P = 0.029) and ADG (P = 0.031) were observed in TRT1 compared to TRT2 in week 1 and phase 1. Experiment 3 showed no effect (P > 0.05) of dietary fat sources. Although a minor effect was observed in weaning pig and growing pig, soy oil and lard; tallow and palm oil can be suitable substitutes for each other in overall pig production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"319 ","pages":"Article 116153"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142748583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-23DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116158
R.L. Thorn, J.S. Drouillard
Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation has been researched in both the dairy and beef cattle sectors since these fatty acids are considered essential to animal health. Naturally Better Omega-3 Technologies (Manhattan, Kansas) has developed a supplement consisting of an extruded blend of flaxseed and microalgae (FAB; greatOplus) that is fed to livestock to supplement α-linolenic acid (ALA). Our objective was to evaluate how ruminal microbes alter composition of the fatty acids in the FAB, and their post ruminal disappearance. Eleven steers fitted with ruminal and duodenal cannulas were housed in a facility equipped with the Insentec feed and water monitoring system (Hokofarm, Emmeloord the Netherlands). A cross over design was utilized and treatments included a control diet without ALA supplementation and a treatment diet with supplementation of the FAB at 10 % of the diet dry matter. Duodenal flow of total fatty acids (g) was greater (P=0.002) for cattle supplemented with FAB than for non-supplemented cattle. In particular, duodenal flow of ALA (g) was observed to be four times greater (6.3 g/d vs 1.6 g/d; P=0.001) for steers fed the FAB supplement compared to steers fed the control diet. The inconsistent amount of unsaturated fatty acids consumed compared to the apparent duodenal flow of unsaturated fatty acids, indicates that substantial biohydrogenation of the FAB occurred in the rumen. Supplementing steers with FAB increased the apparent duodenal flow of ALA however, substantial biohydrogenation of the ALA likely occurs and must be taken into consideration when feeding this FAB to increase ALA consumption in cattle.
{"title":"Use of an extruded microalgae and flaxseed blend product and its effects on ruminal fermentation and nutrient disappearance","authors":"R.L. Thorn, J.S. Drouillard","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116158","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116158","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation has been researched in both the dairy and beef cattle sectors since these fatty acids are considered essential to animal health. Naturally Better Omega-3 Technologies (Manhattan, Kansas) has developed a supplement consisting of an extruded blend of flaxseed and microalgae (FAB; <em>greatOplus</em>) that is fed to livestock to supplement α-linolenic acid (ALA). Our objective was to evaluate how ruminal microbes alter composition of the fatty acids in the FAB<em>,</em> and their post ruminal disappearance. Eleven steers fitted with ruminal and duodenal cannulas were housed in a facility equipped with the Insentec feed and water monitoring system (Hokofarm, Emmeloord the Netherlands). A cross over design was utilized and treatments included a control diet without ALA supplementation and a treatment diet with supplementation of the FAB at 10 % of the diet dry matter. Duodenal flow of total fatty acids (g) was greater (P=0.002) for cattle supplemented with FAB than for non-supplemented cattle. In particular, duodenal flow of ALA (g) was observed to be four times greater (6.3 g/d vs 1.6 g/d; P=0.001) for steers fed the FAB supplement compared to steers fed the control diet. The inconsistent amount of unsaturated fatty acids consumed compared to the apparent duodenal flow of unsaturated fatty acids, indicates that substantial biohydrogenation of the FAB occurred in the rumen. Supplementing steers with FAB increased the apparent duodenal flow of ALA however, substantial biohydrogenation of the ALA likely occurs and must be taken into consideration when feeding this FAB to increase ALA consumption in cattle.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"319 ","pages":"Article 116158"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142748582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-23DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116159
Shichao Xie, Wenhao Zhan, Hongyu Peng, Yao Deng, Zheng Tang, Haiqing Cao, Tingting Zhu, Yuedong Shen, Wenli Zhao, Qicun Zhou, Min Jin
A seven-week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary cholesterol on growth, proximate composition, cholesterol metabolism, ecdysteroids synthesis and molting cascade response in mud crab (Scylla paramamosain). Six isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets (46 % protein and 11 % lipid) were formulated to contain graded levels of cholesterol, with the analyzed levels of cholesterol being 0.15 %, 0.32 %, 0.54 %, 0.72 %, 0.91 % and 1.53 %, respectively. A total of 180 crabs (initial weight 16.26 ± 0.02 g) were separated into six treatments, each treatment dividing randomly into three replicates of 10 crabs. The results showed that crabs fed the diets with 0.54 %-0.91 % cholesterol displayed significantly higher FW, PWG, SGR and FE than those fed the diet with 0.15 % cholesterol. The hepatopancreas lipid content of the crabs with dietary 1.53 % cholesterol was significantly higher than that of the crabs without dietary cholesterol supplementation. Compared to crabs fed the diet with 0.15 % cholesterol, significantly higher concentrations of ApoA, HDL-C, LDL-C, VLDL-C in serum and ApoA, HDL-C in hepatopancreas were observed at crabs fed the diet with 0.72 % cholesterol. The highest concentrations of 20E and MF in serum were observed at crabs fed the diet with 0.72 % cholesterol, whereas the concentration of MIH in serum was significantly lower in crabs fed the diets with 0.72 % and 0.91 % cholesterol than those fed the diets with 0.15 % and 1.53 % cholesterol. The expression levels of genes related to cholesterol metabolism (srb, ldlr, lrp2, cyp27a1 and start3) in hepatopancreas were significantly higher in crabs fed the diet with 0.54 % cholesterol than those fed the diet with 0.15 % cholesterol. The expression levels of molting-related genes (nvd, dib, rxr, br-c, e74b, e75, ftz-f1, met) were significantly higher in crabs fed the diet with 0.54 % cholesterol than crabs fed the diet with 1.53 % cholesterol. The highest expression level of ecr was in 0.72 % and 0.91 % cholesterol group. With dietary cholesterol increasing from 0.15 % to 1.53 %, the expression levels of mfe and jheh significantly decreased, whereas the expression levels of famet and hr38 significantly increased. In conclusion, 0.54 %-0.72 % cholesterol promoted cholesterol metabolism and activated expression levels of molting-related genes, leading the better growth performance of mud crabs. Based on PWG and the R-Square (R2) of the equations, two equations of the linear truncated model (Y = 45.98X + 57.562 and Y = − 33.312X + 112.31) were used to calculate the optimal cholesterol requirement of 0.68 % for juvenile mud crabs.
{"title":"Dietary cholesterol promotes the growth of mud crabs, Scylla paramamosain by regulating cholesterol metabolism, enhancing ecdysteroid synthesis and molting cascade response","authors":"Shichao Xie, Wenhao Zhan, Hongyu Peng, Yao Deng, Zheng Tang, Haiqing Cao, Tingting Zhu, Yuedong Shen, Wenli Zhao, Qicun Zhou, Min Jin","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116159","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116159","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A seven-week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary cholesterol on growth, proximate composition, cholesterol metabolism, ecdysteroids synthesis and molting cascade response in mud crab (<em>Scylla paramamosain</em>). Six isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets (46 % protein and 11 % lipid) were formulated to contain graded levels of cholesterol, with the analyzed levels of cholesterol being 0.15 %, 0.32 %, 0.54 %, 0.72 %, 0.91 % and 1.53 %, respectively. A total of 180 crabs (initial weight 16.26 ± 0.02 g) were separated into six treatments, each treatment dividing randomly into three replicates of 10 crabs. The results showed that crabs fed the diets with 0.54 %-0.91 % cholesterol displayed significantly higher FW, PWG, SGR and FE than those fed the diet with 0.15 % cholesterol. The hepatopancreas lipid content of the crabs with dietary 1.53 % cholesterol was significantly higher than that of the crabs without dietary cholesterol supplementation. Compared to crabs fed the diet with 0.15 % cholesterol, significantly higher concentrations of ApoA, HDL-C, LDL-C, VLDL-C in serum and ApoA, HDL-C in hepatopancreas were observed at crabs fed the diet with 0.72 % cholesterol. The highest concentrations of 20E and MF in serum were observed at crabs fed the diet with 0.72 % cholesterol, whereas the concentration of MIH in serum was significantly lower in crabs fed the diets with 0.72 % and 0.91 % cholesterol than those fed the diets with 0.15 % and 1.53 % cholesterol. The expression levels of genes related to cholesterol metabolism (<em>srb</em>, <em>ldlr</em>, <em>lrp2</em>, <em>cyp27a1</em> and <em>start3</em>) in hepatopancreas were significantly higher in crabs fed the diet with 0.54 % cholesterol than those fed the diet with 0.15 % cholesterol. The expression levels of molting-related genes (<em>nvd</em>, <em>dib</em>, <em>rxr</em>, <em>br-c</em>, <em>e74b</em>, <em>e75</em>, <em>ftz-f1</em>, <em>met</em>) were significantly higher in crabs fed the diet with 0.54 % cholesterol than crabs fed the diet with 1.53 % cholesterol. The highest expression level of <em>ecr</em> was in 0.72 % and 0.91 % cholesterol group. With dietary cholesterol increasing from 0.15 % to 1.53 %, the expression levels of <em>mfe</em> and <em>jheh</em> significantly decreased, whereas the expression levels of <em>famet</em> and <em>hr38</em> significantly increased. In conclusion, 0.54 %-0.72 % cholesterol promoted cholesterol metabolism and activated expression levels of molting-related genes, leading the better growth performance of mud crabs. Based on PWG and the R-Square (R<sup>2</sup>) of the equations, two equations of the linear truncated model (Y = 45.98X + 57.562 and Y = − 33.312X + 112.31) were used to calculate the optimal cholesterol requirement of 0.68 % for juvenile mud crabs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"319 ","pages":"Article 116159"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142705882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Improvement of growth performance and disease resistance of cultured species is an important objective of the aquaculture industry. In this study, solid-state fermentation (SSF) was applied for increasing the nutritional value of rice bran with baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). Four diets containing different levels of fermented rice bran (FRB) at 0, 100, 200 and 300 g/kg (FRB0, FRB10, FRB20 and FRB30, respectively) were tested using juvenile Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (average body weight = 5.22±0.02 g) for 56 days. Compared to FRB0, all diets improved growth performance of the experimental fish (P<0.05). Intestinal amylase and protease amounts were significantly increased (P<0.05). The experimental fish were intraperitoneally injected with Streptococcus agalactiae and the cumulative mortality rate was monitored for 10 days. All FRB-supplemented diets resulted in greater survival rates in challenge fish. The FRB20 and FRB30 diets promoted expression of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) transcripts and enhanced non-specific immunity; lysozyme and antioxidant enzyme activities; myeloperoxidase (MPO), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) (P<0.05). The expression level of interleukin 8 (IL-8) was down-regulated in fish fed FRB20 and FRB30 (P<0.05) but IL-10 was up-regulated in fish fed FRB10 and FRB30 (P<0.05) while IL-1β was up-regulated in fish fed FRB20 (P<0.05). The expression of complementary 3 (C3) transcripts was significantly increased while nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) was decreased in fish fed all FRB-supplemented diets (P<0.05). Conventional histology revealed increased villus height following FRB30 treatment (P<0.05). These results suggest the beneficial use of FRB supplementation on growth, immune defense and stress tolerance for juvenile O. niloticus.
{"title":"Improved growth and immunity in Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus fed a fermented rice bran supplement","authors":"Mahattanee Phinyo , Punyaphon Khlaithim , Thanita Boonsrangsom , Piyawat Pongpadung , Sirithorn Janpoom , Sirawut Klinbunga , Kawee Sujipuli","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116160","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116160","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Improvement of growth performance and disease resistance of cultured species is an important objective of the aquaculture industry. In this study, solid-state fermentation (SSF) was applied for increasing the nutritional value of rice bran with baker's yeast (<em>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</em>). Four diets containing different levels of fermented rice bran (FRB) at 0, 100, 200 and 300 g/kg (FRB0, FRB10, FRB20 and FRB30, respectively) were tested using juvenile Nile tilapia <em>Oreochromis niloticus</em> (average body weight = 5.22±0.02 g) for 56 days. Compared to FRB0, all diets improved growth performance of the experimental fish (<em>P</em><0.05). Intestinal amylase and protease amounts were significantly increased (<em>P</em><0.05). The experimental fish were intraperitoneally injected with <em>Streptococcus agalactiae</em> and the cumulative mortality rate was monitored for 10 days. All FRB-supplemented diets resulted in greater survival rates in challenge fish. The FRB20 and FRB30 diets promoted expression of insulin-like growth factor I (<em>IGF-I</em>) transcripts and enhanced non-specific immunity; lysozyme and antioxidant enzyme activities; myeloperoxidase (MPO), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) (<em>P</em><0.05). The expression level of interleukin 8 (<em>IL-8</em>) was down-regulated in fish fed FRB20 and FRB30 (<em>P</em><0.05) but <em>IL-10</em> was up-regulated in fish fed FRB10 and FRB30 (<em>P</em><0.05) while <em>IL-1β</em> was up-regulated in fish fed FRB20 (<em>P</em><0.05). The expression of complementary 3 (<em>C3</em>) transcripts was significantly increased while nuclear factor-kappa B (<em>NF-κB</em>) was decreased in fish fed all FRB-supplemented diets (<em>P</em><0.05). Conventional histology revealed increased villus height following FRB30 treatment (<em>P</em><0.05). These results suggest the beneficial use of FRB supplementation on growth, immune defense and stress tolerance for juvenile <em>O. niloticus</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"319 ","pages":"Article 116160"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142748584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-22DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116157
R. Fukumori , T. Nakayama , M. Hirose , I. Norimura , K. Izumi , K. Shimada , H. Mineo , M.A. Steele , S. Gondaira , H. Higuchi , T. Watanabe , H. Ueda , T. Sano , K. Chisato , S. Oikawa
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of feeding milk replacer (MR) at different lactose amount while keeping osmolality constant on gastrointestinal function, blood parameters, and inflammation-related mRNA expression in the livers of dairy calves. Fifteen Holstein bull calves were assigned to one of three dietary treatments differing in MR lactose content (L: 38 %, M: 41 %, and H: 46 %). Feeding of the test diets was started at 1 day of age and gradually increased to a maximum feeding rate at 20 days of age (L: 1.16 kg/d, M: 1.21 kg/d, and H: 1.26 kg/d DM). Under these conditions, the lactose dosages for the treatments were 441 g/d, 496 g/d, and 580 g/d, respectively. The MR were prepared to ensure isocaloric and iso-osmotic (451 mOsm/kg) conditions. Fecal scores were recorded daily, and at 14 and 28 days of age, blood and breath samples were collected before and after MR feeding. In addition, feces and urine were collected for 2 consecutive days. Then, the calves were slaughtered to evaluate intestinal permeability and liver mRNA expression. The permeability in the duodenum and ileum was lower in H and M than in L; the permeability in the jejunum was also lower in H than in L. The hepatic mRNA expressions of toll-like receptor-2, IL-1β, and tumor-necrosis factor-α were lower in H and M than L. Nitrogen retention was higher in H than in L, and linear and quadratic increasing trends were observed in tissue ratio of gastrointestinal tract with the increase in lactose amount. Postprandial increase in plasma glucose concentration was smaller and postprandial increase in TG concentration was higher in H than in L. Fecal properties, digestibility, and breath hydrogen concentrations were not affected by treatment. These results indicate that feeding high-lactose MR may increase gastrointestinal weight and decrease permeability in the small intestine of calves.
{"title":"Effects of amount of lactose in milk replacer on gastrointestinal function of dairy calves","authors":"R. Fukumori , T. Nakayama , M. Hirose , I. Norimura , K. Izumi , K. Shimada , H. Mineo , M.A. Steele , S. Gondaira , H. Higuchi , T. Watanabe , H. Ueda , T. Sano , K. Chisato , S. Oikawa","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116157","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116157","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of feeding milk replacer (MR) at different lactose amount while keeping osmolality constant on gastrointestinal function, blood parameters, and inflammation-related mRNA expression in the livers of dairy calves. Fifteen Holstein bull calves were assigned to one of three dietary treatments differing in MR lactose content (L: 38 %, M: 41 %, and H: 46 %). Feeding of the test diets was started at 1 day of age and gradually increased to a maximum feeding rate at 20 days of age (L: 1.16 kg/d, M: 1.21 kg/d, and H: 1.26 kg/d DM). Under these conditions, the lactose dosages for the treatments were 441 g/d, 496 g/d, and 580 g/d, respectively. The MR were prepared to ensure isocaloric and iso-osmotic (451 mOsm/kg) conditions. Fecal scores were recorded daily, and at 14 and 28 days of age, blood and breath samples were collected before and after MR feeding. In addition, feces and urine were collected for 2 consecutive days. Then, the calves were slaughtered to evaluate intestinal permeability and liver mRNA expression. The permeability in the duodenum and ileum was lower in H and M than in L; the permeability in the jejunum was also lower in H than in L. The hepatic mRNA expressions of toll-like receptor-2, IL-1β, and tumor-necrosis factor-α were lower in H and M than L. Nitrogen retention was higher in H than in L, and linear and quadratic increasing trends were observed in tissue ratio of gastrointestinal tract with the increase in lactose amount. Postprandial increase in plasma glucose concentration was smaller and postprandial increase in TG concentration was higher in H than in L. Fecal properties, digestibility, and breath hydrogen concentrations were not affected by treatment. These results indicate that feeding high-lactose MR may increase gastrointestinal weight and decrease permeability in the small intestine of calves.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"319 ","pages":"Article 116157"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142719590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-21DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116155
Rui Li , Ganyi Feng , Qing Ouyang , Xianji Jiang , Gang Yang , Xiaojie Liu , Hui Tang , Mingzhou Tian , Qiang Xiang , Menglong Deng , Cimin Long , Ruilin Huang
Two experiments were conducted to determine digestible energy (DE), metabolizable energy (ME), and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of crude protein (CP) and amino acids (AA) in Chinese paddy rice for growing pigs, and to establish prediction equations for DE, ME and SID of CP and AA based on its chemical composition including amylase-treated neutral detergent fiber (aNDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and calcium (Ca). In Exp. 1, twenty-four castrated barrows (20 ± 1.3 kg) were selected and allotted to a replicated 12 × 3 incomplete Latin square design, including 12 diets and 3 consecutive periods. A basal diet and 11 Chinese paddy rice diets were prepared and maintained a consistent ratio of corn to soybean meal. Each period had 7 d of adaptation and 5 d of fecal and urine collection. In Exp. 2, twenty-four ileal-cannulated pigs (15.4 ± 1.8 kg) were used in a duplicated 12 × 3 incomplete Latin square design with 12 diets and three consecutive periods, and each period had 5 d of adaptation and 2 d of ileal digesta collection. Chinese paddy rice was the sole nitrogen (N) source in 11 test diets, and an N-free diet was used for calculating the basal endogenous N losses. The results revealed that DE and ME values (as-fed basis) in Chinese paddy rice averaged 12.17 MJ/kg and 11.57 MJ/kg, respectively. The optimal prediction equations for DE and ME were DE (MJ/kg) = 20.12 − (0.56 × aNDF, %) + (130.01 × Ca, %) − (3.94 × phytic acid, %); R2 = 0.94, RSD = 0.44, P < 0.001, and ME (MJ/kg) = −0.263 + (0.972 × DE, MJ/kg); R2 = 0.96, RSD = 0.32, P < 0.001, respectively. The values for SID of CP (SIDCP), Lys (SIDLys), Met (SIDMet), Thr (SIDThr), and Trp (SIDTrp) in Chinese paddy rice were 0.735, 0.766, 0.687, 0.736, and 0.862, respectively. The best-fit equations for SIDCP, SIDLys, and SIDThr were SIDCP = 0.67 − (0.03 × ADF, %) + (0.06 × CP, %); R2 = 0.79, RSD = 0.04, P = 0.002, SIDLys = 1.18 + (4.34 × non-phytate phosphorus, %) − (6.71 × Trp, %) − (6.59 × Ca, %); R2 = 0.93, RSD = 0.03, P < 0.001, and SIDThr = 0.82 + (2.88 × Met, %) − (1.61 × Lys, %); R2 = 0.83, RSD = 0.03, P = 0.001, respectively. In conclusion, our study revealed the relationships between the chemical composition of Chinese paddy rice and DE, ME, and the SID of the first four limiting AA for growing pigs, establishing the predicted models for the nutritive value of Chinese paddy rice fed to growing pigs. The aNDF, ADF, phytic acid, phytate phosphorus, non-phytate phosphorus, total phosphorus, CP, and Ca were the common key predictors for DE and ME. Dry matter, aNDF, and ADF were the common key predictors of SIDCP and SIDLys. Crude fiber, ADF, and Met can be the single predictors of SIDThr.
{"title":"Prediction of available energy and amino acid digestibility in the Chinese paddy rice fed to growing pigs","authors":"Rui Li , Ganyi Feng , Qing Ouyang , Xianji Jiang , Gang Yang , Xiaojie Liu , Hui Tang , Mingzhou Tian , Qiang Xiang , Menglong Deng , Cimin Long , Ruilin Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116155","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116155","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Two experiments were conducted to determine digestible energy (DE), metabolizable energy (ME), and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of crude protein (CP) and amino acids (AA) in Chinese paddy rice for growing pigs, and to establish prediction equations for DE, ME and SID of CP and AA based on its chemical composition including amylase-treated neutral detergent fiber (aNDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and calcium (Ca). In Exp. 1, twenty-four castrated barrows (20 ± 1.3 kg) were selected and allotted to a replicated 12 × 3 incomplete Latin square design, including 12 diets and 3 consecutive periods. A basal diet and 11 Chinese paddy rice diets were prepared and maintained a consistent ratio of corn to soybean meal. Each period had 7 d of adaptation and 5 d of fecal and urine collection. In Exp. 2, twenty-four ileal-cannulated pigs (15.4 ± 1.8 kg) were used in a duplicated 12 × 3 incomplete Latin square design with 12 diets and three consecutive periods, and each period had 5 d of adaptation and 2 d of ileal digesta collection. Chinese paddy rice was the sole nitrogen (N) source in 11 test diets, and an N-free diet was used for calculating the basal endogenous N losses. The results revealed that DE and ME values (as-fed basis) in Chinese paddy rice averaged 12.17 MJ/kg and 11.57 MJ/kg, respectively. The optimal prediction equations for DE and ME were DE (MJ/kg) = 20.12 − (0.56 × aNDF, %) + (130.01 × Ca, %) − (3.94 × phytic acid, %); R<sup>2</sup> = 0.94, RSD = 0.44, P < 0.001, and ME (MJ/kg) = −0.263 + (0.972 × DE, MJ/kg); R<sup>2</sup> = 0.96, RSD = 0.32, P < 0.001, respectively. The values for SID of CP (SID<sub>CP</sub>), Lys (SID<sub>Lys</sub>), Met (SID<sub>Met</sub>), Thr (SID<sub>Thr</sub>), and Trp (SID<sub>Trp</sub>) in Chinese paddy rice were 0.735, 0.766, 0.687, 0.736, and 0.862, respectively. The best-fit equations for SID<sub>CP</sub>, SID<sub>Lys</sub>, and SID<sub>Thr</sub> were SID<sub>CP</sub> = 0.67 − (0.03 × ADF, %) + (0.06 × CP, %); R<sup>2</sup> = 0.79, RSD = 0.04, P = 0.002, SID<sub>Lys</sub> = 1.18 + (4.34 × non-phytate phosphorus, %) − (6.71 × Trp, %) − (6.59 × Ca, %); R<sup>2</sup> = 0.93, RSD = 0.03, P < 0.001, and SID<sub>Thr</sub> = 0.82 + (2.88 × Met, %) − (1.61 × Lys, %); R<sup>2</sup> = 0.83, RSD = 0.03, P = 0.001, respectively. In conclusion, our study revealed the relationships between the chemical composition of Chinese paddy rice and DE, ME, and the SID of the first four limiting AA for growing pigs, establishing the predicted models for the nutritive value of Chinese paddy rice fed to growing pigs. The aNDF, ADF, phytic acid, phytate phosphorus, non-phytate phosphorus, total phosphorus, CP, and Ca were the common key predictors for DE and ME. Dry matter, aNDF, and ADF were the common key predictors of SID<sub>CP</sub> and SID<sub>Lys</sub>. Crude fiber, ADF, and Met can be the single predictors of SID<sub>Thr</sub>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"319 ","pages":"Article 116155"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142719591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-13DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116152
Danielle Dias Brutti , Débora Eloísa Uez , Greicy Sofia Maysonnave , Renato Augusto Konrath , Vitória Mendonça da Silva , Samay Zillmann Rocha Costa , Fernando Jonas Sutili
The present study aimed to investigate the potential of condensed tannins (CT), derived from black wattle (Acacia mearnsii) tree bark, as a nutritional additive for Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) juveniles. CT are known for their antioxidant and immune-modulating properties, and their inclusion in aquafeeds may enhance fish health and performance. In this study, six diets were formulated: one control diet (Con) with no additives, and five experimental diets supplemented with CT extract at concentrations of 150, 250, 500, 750, and 1000 mg/kg (CT150, CT250, CT500, CT750, CT1000, respectively). The selection of these doses was based on previous studies indicating that lower concentrations (below 1000 mg/kg of diet) of tannins may offer benefits, while higher concentrations could exhibit antinutritional effects. After a 90-day feeding trial, fish fed the CT150 diet exhibited significantly higher growth compared to the control group. Additionally, fish in the CT150 group showed higher plasma lysozyme activity, while myeloperoxidase activity and hemolytic activity of the complement system were significantly higher in all tannin-fed groups compared to the control. Notably, CT150-fed fish demonstrated liver antioxidant responses comparable to or better than the control group, with no significant increase in lipid peroxidation, suggesting antioxidant protection. Histological analysis revealed a significant increase in intestinal villi density in the CT150 and CT500 groups compared to the control. While all groups showed an increase in absorption surface area (ASA), this increase was statistically significant only in the CT250, CT500, and CT750 groups when compared to the control. Furthermore, the CT150 diet led to the highest survival rate (80 %) following a bacterial challenge. These findings suggest that dietary supplementation with 150 mg/kg of CT from black wattle bark provides the most beneficial effects on growth, immune response, and survival in Nile tilapia juveniles.
{"title":"Condensed tannins from black wattle as a promising nutritional additive for Nile tilapia: Growth, immune and antioxidant responses, and gut morphology","authors":"Danielle Dias Brutti , Débora Eloísa Uez , Greicy Sofia Maysonnave , Renato Augusto Konrath , Vitória Mendonça da Silva , Samay Zillmann Rocha Costa , Fernando Jonas Sutili","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116152","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116152","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present study aimed to investigate the potential of condensed tannins (CT), derived from black wattle (<em>Acacia mearnsii</em>) tree bark, as a nutritional additive for Nile tilapia (<em>Oreochromis niloticus</em>) juveniles. CT are known for their antioxidant and immune-modulating properties, and their inclusion in aquafeeds may enhance fish health and performance. In this study, six diets were formulated: one control diet (Con) with no additives, and five experimental diets supplemented with CT extract at concentrations of 150, 250, 500, 750, and 1000 mg/kg (CT150, CT250, CT500, CT750, CT1000, respectively). The selection of these doses was based on previous studies indicating that lower concentrations (below 1000 mg/kg of diet) of tannins may offer benefits, while higher concentrations could exhibit antinutritional effects. After a 90-day feeding trial, fish fed the CT150 diet exhibited significantly higher growth compared to the control group. Additionally, fish in the CT150 group showed higher plasma lysozyme activity, while myeloperoxidase activity and hemolytic activity of the complement system were significantly higher in all tannin-fed groups compared to the control. Notably, CT150-fed fish demonstrated liver antioxidant responses comparable to or better than the control group, with no significant increase in lipid peroxidation, suggesting antioxidant protection. Histological analysis revealed a significant increase in intestinal villi density in the CT150 and CT500 groups compared to the control. While all groups showed an increase in absorption surface area (ASA), this increase was statistically significant only in the CT250, CT500, and CT750 groups when compared to the control. Furthermore, the CT150 diet led to the highest survival rate (80 %) following a bacterial challenge. These findings suggest that dietary supplementation with 150 mg/kg of CT from black wattle bark provides the most beneficial effects on growth, immune response, and survival in Nile tilapia juveniles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"318 ","pages":"Article 116152"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142655384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-12DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116151
Christos Christodoulou , Kirsty E. Kliem , Marc D. Auffret , David J. Humphries , John R. Newbold , Nicholas Davison , Les Crompton , Mewa S. Dhanoa , Laurence G. Smith , Sokratis Stergiadis
Soyabean is considered an unsustainable protein source for livestock feeds because of the large quantity of input and energy required to cultivate and process it. Other protein-based agro-industrial co-products that are less input-intensive, can mitigate methane (CH4) production and may therefore be more sustainable options instead soyabean. The objective of this study was to compare the effect of replacing the same amount of protein (40 g/kg DM crude protein) as soyabean meal (SBM) with low-carbon local agro-industrial co-products, (brewers’ spent grains, BSG; dried wheat distillers’ grains, WDG; dried corn distillers’ grains, CDG and corn steep liquor CSL), on in vitro rumen degradation, fermentation and gas and methane production. The study used a 72-hour in vitro gas production method with a basal substrate of dried, ground grass silage and wheat. Gas volumes were measured at ten different specific intervals, and CH4 concentrations were analysed via gas chromatography. After 72 hours, in vitro DM degradability (IVDMD) and volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations were assessed. Gas and CH4 production curve profiles were fitted to models to determine asymptote production, the extent of degradation in rumen proper (RoP), and the fractional degradation rate (μ) (h−1) in the halfway 50 % of the asymptote production. The IVDMD and estimated RoP at 0.04 h and 0.025 h were lower (P<0.05) for BSG compared to the other treatments, by 4.9-6.6 %; 5.8–9.9 %; 5.2–9.0 %. Gas and CH4 yield (mL/g substrate and mL/g substrate degraded), and pH (SB = 6.77, BSG = 6.80, WDG = 6.74, CDG = 6.84, and CSL = 6.73; P>0.05), were not significantly affected by treatment. Butyrate and valerate were lower (P<0.05) for BSG compared to CSL, and caproate was lower (P<0.001) for BSG compared to the other treatments and in CSL compared to SBM. The results regarding degradability and VFAs concentrations of this study demonstrated that dried wheat distillers’ grains, dried corn distillers’ grains, and corn steep liquor have the potential to replace soyabean meal as protein sources for ruminants, but further reduction of CH4 emissions as a result of such practice may not be expected. Although slightly less degradable, based on their nutrient composition and the fact they did not affect rumen fermentation characteristics, brewers' spent grains can still play a complementary role in ruminant diets, especially in regions where they are locally readily available.
{"title":"In vitro rumen degradation, fermentation, and methane production of four agro-industrial protein-rich co-products, compared with soyabean meal","authors":"Christos Christodoulou , Kirsty E. Kliem , Marc D. Auffret , David J. Humphries , John R. Newbold , Nicholas Davison , Les Crompton , Mewa S. Dhanoa , Laurence G. Smith , Sokratis Stergiadis","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116151","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116151","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soyabean is considered an unsustainable protein source for livestock feeds because of the large quantity of input and energy required to cultivate and process it. Other protein-based agro-industrial co-products that are less input-intensive, can mitigate methane (<strong>CH</strong><sub><strong>4</strong></sub>) production and may therefore be more sustainable options instead soyabean. The objective of this study was to compare the effect of replacing the same amount of protein (40 g/kg DM crude protein) as soyabean meal (<strong>SBM</strong>) with low-carbon local agro-industrial co-products, (brewers’ spent grains, <strong>BSG</strong>; dried wheat distillers’ grains, <strong>WDG</strong>; dried corn distillers’ grains, <strong>CDG</strong> and corn steep liquor <strong>CSL</strong>), on in vitro rumen degradation, fermentation and gas and methane production. The study used a 72-hour in vitro gas production method with a basal substrate of dried, ground grass silage and wheat. Gas volumes were measured at ten different specific intervals, and CH<sub>4</sub> concentrations were analysed via gas chromatography. After 72 hours, in vitro DM degradability (<strong>IVDMD</strong>) and volatile fatty acid (<strong>VFA</strong>) concentrations were assessed. Gas and CH<sub>4</sub> production curve profiles were fitted to models to determine asymptote production, the extent of degradation in rumen proper (<strong>RoP</strong>), and the fractional degradation rate (<strong>μ</strong>) (h<sup>−1</sup>) in the halfway 50 % of the asymptote production. The IVDMD and estimated RoP at 0.04 h and 0.025 h were lower (<em>P</em><0.05) for BSG compared to the other treatments, by 4.9-6.6 %; 5.8–9.9 %; 5.2–9.0 %. Gas and CH<sub>4</sub> yield (mL/g substrate and mL/g substrate degraded), and pH (SB = 6.77, BSG = 6.80, WDG = 6.74, CDG = 6.84, and CSL = 6.73; <em>P</em>>0.05), were not significantly affected by treatment. Butyrate and valerate were lower (<em>P</em><0.05) for BSG compared to CSL, and caproate was lower (<em>P</em><0.001) for BSG compared to the other treatments and in CSL compared to SBM. The results regarding degradability and VFAs concentrations of this study demonstrated that dried wheat distillers’ grains, dried corn distillers’ grains, and corn steep liquor have the potential to replace soyabean meal as protein sources for ruminants, but further reduction of CH<sub>4</sub> emissions as a result of such practice may not be expected<em>.</em> Although slightly less degradable, based on their nutrient composition and the fact they did not affect rumen fermentation characteristics, brewers' spent grains can still play a complementary role in ruminant diets, especially in regions where they are locally readily available.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"319 ","pages":"Article 116151"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142705881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-10DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116148
I. França , G.A.C. Valini , P.R. Arnaut , M.T. Ortiz , C.A. Silva , M.J.K. de Oliveira , G.S.C. Paulino , D.A. Marçal , A.D.B. Melo , J.K. Htoo , H.G. Brand , I. Andretta , L. Hauschild
<div><div>This study aimed to assess the effects of additional dietary supplementation with a blend of functional amino acids (FAA) with Thr, Trp, and Met as a preventive (prior to health challenge), curative strategy (during health challenge) or both targeting the performance, body composition, metabolic biomarkers of growing group-housed pigs raised under a health challenge. Additionally, the influence of these feeding strategies on pig response was investigated after the challenge (during the finishing phase). Sixty weaned piglets [6.3 ± 0.9 kg body weight (BW)] were distributed based on BW in a nursery barn to one of two dietary treatments (n = 30): control (CN) or supplemented with FAA blend (FAA+; 120 % of the Thr:Lys, Trp:Lys, and Met+Cys:Lys requirements) for 7 weeks. After 7 weeks, the pigs (27.9 ± 4.2 kg of BW) were distributed in a randomized complete block design to one of four treatments for the period of the health challenge period in the growing phase: pigs fed a CN diet during the nursery period were either maintained on a CN diet (control; n = 14) or switched to an FAA+ diet (curative strategy; n = 14), whereas the pigs fed an FAA+ diet during the nursery period were either fed a CN diet (preventive strategy; n = 14) or continued receiving an FAA+ diet (continuous strategy; n = 14). The health challenge consisted of subjecting growing pigs to batch mixing, poor housing conditions, and oral inoculation with <em>Salmonella</em> Typhimurium (ST). Poor housing conditions were maintained for 4 weeks (weeks 8–11). After this period, the pigs received the same standard diets for 9 weeks (weeks 12–20), and the facilities were cleaned daily. The health challenge increased the rectal temperature (P < 0.01) and serum concentrations of haptoglobin (P < 0.05), IgA (P < 0.05), IgG (P < 0.01), triglycerides (P < 0.01), creatinine (P < 0.01), and urea (P < 0.01), while reducing serum concentrations of lactate dehydrogenase (P < 0.01), albumin (P < 0.01), and glucose (P < 0.05). Pigs fed a continuous FAA+ diet trend towards lower fecal ST shedding (P < 0.10) than did the curative strategy pigs and had better fecal consistency scores (P < 0.01) than did the control pigs. During the challenge period, pigs fed FAA+ curatively or continuously demonstrated higher average daily gain and feed efficiency compared to control pigs (P < 0.01). Greater (P < 0.05) protein deposition (+30 %) and improved (P < 0.05) nitrogen retention efficiency (+20 % to curative and +30 % to continuous strategies) were observed in the pigs fed the FAA+ diet during the health challenge compared with the control pigs. Curative-fed FAA+ pigs had greater BW at the end of the finishing phase than did the control and preventive group (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the use of FAA supplementation as a curative or continuous strategy is highly effective at improving the performance and body composition of growing pigs under a health challeng
{"title":"Dietary supplementation with functional amino acids improves the capacity of growing pigs to cope with a health challenge","authors":"I. França , G.A.C. Valini , P.R. Arnaut , M.T. Ortiz , C.A. Silva , M.J.K. de Oliveira , G.S.C. Paulino , D.A. Marçal , A.D.B. Melo , J.K. Htoo , H.G. Brand , I. Andretta , L. Hauschild","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116148","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116148","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed to assess the effects of additional dietary supplementation with a blend of functional amino acids (FAA) with Thr, Trp, and Met as a preventive (prior to health challenge), curative strategy (during health challenge) or both targeting the performance, body composition, metabolic biomarkers of growing group-housed pigs raised under a health challenge. Additionally, the influence of these feeding strategies on pig response was investigated after the challenge (during the finishing phase). Sixty weaned piglets [6.3 ± 0.9 kg body weight (BW)] were distributed based on BW in a nursery barn to one of two dietary treatments (n = 30): control (CN) or supplemented with FAA blend (FAA+; 120 % of the Thr:Lys, Trp:Lys, and Met+Cys:Lys requirements) for 7 weeks. After 7 weeks, the pigs (27.9 ± 4.2 kg of BW) were distributed in a randomized complete block design to one of four treatments for the period of the health challenge period in the growing phase: pigs fed a CN diet during the nursery period were either maintained on a CN diet (control; n = 14) or switched to an FAA+ diet (curative strategy; n = 14), whereas the pigs fed an FAA+ diet during the nursery period were either fed a CN diet (preventive strategy; n = 14) or continued receiving an FAA+ diet (continuous strategy; n = 14). The health challenge consisted of subjecting growing pigs to batch mixing, poor housing conditions, and oral inoculation with <em>Salmonella</em> Typhimurium (ST). Poor housing conditions were maintained for 4 weeks (weeks 8–11). After this period, the pigs received the same standard diets for 9 weeks (weeks 12–20), and the facilities were cleaned daily. The health challenge increased the rectal temperature (P < 0.01) and serum concentrations of haptoglobin (P < 0.05), IgA (P < 0.05), IgG (P < 0.01), triglycerides (P < 0.01), creatinine (P < 0.01), and urea (P < 0.01), while reducing serum concentrations of lactate dehydrogenase (P < 0.01), albumin (P < 0.01), and glucose (P < 0.05). Pigs fed a continuous FAA+ diet trend towards lower fecal ST shedding (P < 0.10) than did the curative strategy pigs and had better fecal consistency scores (P < 0.01) than did the control pigs. During the challenge period, pigs fed FAA+ curatively or continuously demonstrated higher average daily gain and feed efficiency compared to control pigs (P < 0.01). Greater (P < 0.05) protein deposition (+30 %) and improved (P < 0.05) nitrogen retention efficiency (+20 % to curative and +30 % to continuous strategies) were observed in the pigs fed the FAA+ diet during the health challenge compared with the control pigs. Curative-fed FAA+ pigs had greater BW at the end of the finishing phase than did the control and preventive group (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the use of FAA supplementation as a curative or continuous strategy is highly effective at improving the performance and body composition of growing pigs under a health challeng","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"318 ","pages":"Article 116148"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142655385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-08DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116150
Rina Su , Xinyuan Cui , Hao Guan , Wencan Ke , Ying Liang , Hu Chen , Neha Sheoran , Mengya Jia , Yiling Yang , Lizhuang Hao , Guojun Zhao , Xusheng Guo
The low temperature during oat harvesting season in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) is a primary challenge for successful silage fermentation. This study aimed to investigate the effect of a psychrotrophic Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (L. plantarum) L75 strain with exoploysaccharides (EPS)-producing property on fermentation quality, bacterial community, and antioxidant activity of oat silage ensiled at low temperature. The freshly chopped oat was subjected to three different treatments: ⅰ) no inoculation (control); ⅱ) inoculated with psychrotrophic L. plantarum L75, possessing EPS-producing properties; ⅲ) inoculated with a commercial inoculant L. plantarum. All inoculants were applied at a rate of 1 × 105 cfu/g on a fresh matter basis, and then ensiled at 25, 15, and 10℃, respectively. Results indicated that the strain L75 exhibited better performance in EPS production, growth rate, and acid production compared to the commercial inoculant at low temperature. Inoculating with both strains improved the silage quality of oat forage by enhancing fermentation quality and suppressing undesirable microorganisms such as Hafnia alvei and Ewingella americana throughout the fermentation process compared to the control silage. Importantly, L75 was more effective than the commercial inoculant in enhancing fermentation quality, antioxidant activity, and the proportion of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, leading to lower dry matter loss of oat silages at low temperature. In conclusion, the psychrotrophic strain L75 with EPS-producing property has great potential to improve fermentation quality and antioxidant activities of oat silage by altering bacterial composition at low temperatures. Thus, strain L75 can be used as a candidate strain for making high-quality silage in alpine region with low temperature in forage harvesting season.
青藏高原燕麦收获季节的低温是成功青贮发酵的主要挑战。本研究旨在探讨具有产外源糖（EPS）特性的植物乳杆菌（L. plantarum）L75精神营养型菌株对低温青贮燕麦发酵质量、细菌群落和抗氧化活性的影响。新鲜切碎的燕麦经过三种不同的处理：ⅰ）不接种（对照）；ⅱ）接种具有产 EPS 特性的精神营养型 L. plantarum L75；ⅲ）接种商业接种剂 L. plantarum。所有接种剂的施用量均为 1 × 105 cfu/g（按新鲜物质计算），然后分别在 25、15 和 10℃下进行腌制。结果表明，在低温条件下，与商业接种剂相比，菌株 L75 在 EPS 产量、生长速度和产酸量方面表现更佳。与对照青贮饲料相比，接种这两种菌株可提高发酵质量，并在整个发酵过程中抑制Hafnia alvei和Ewingella americana等不良微生物，从而改善燕麦饲草的青贮质量。重要的是，在提高发酵质量、抗氧化活性和植物乳杆菌比例方面，L75 比商业接种剂更有效，从而降低了燕麦青贮饲料在低温条件下的干物质损失。总之，具有产EPS特性的精神营养菌株L75在低温条件下通过改变细菌组成来改善燕麦青贮饲料的发酵质量和抗氧化活性方面具有很大的潜力。因此，菌株 L75 可作为一种候选菌株，用于在牧草收获季节低温的高寒地区制作优质青贮饲料。
{"title":"Effect of psychrotrophic Lactiplantibacillus plantarum L75 with exoploysaccharides-producing property on fermentation, bacterial community, and antioxidant activity of oat silage at low temperature","authors":"Rina Su , Xinyuan Cui , Hao Guan , Wencan Ke , Ying Liang , Hu Chen , Neha Sheoran , Mengya Jia , Yiling Yang , Lizhuang Hao , Guojun Zhao , Xusheng Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116150","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116150","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The low temperature during oat harvesting season in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) is a primary challenge for successful silage fermentation. This study aimed to investigate the effect of a psychrotrophic <em>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</em> (<em>L. plantarum</em>) L75 strain with exoploysaccharides (EPS)-producing property on fermentation quality, bacterial community, and antioxidant activity of oat silage ensiled at low temperature. The freshly chopped oat was subjected to three different treatments: ⅰ) no inoculation (control); ⅱ) inoculated with psychrotrophic <em>L. plantarum</em> L75, possessing EPS-producing properties; ⅲ) inoculated with a commercial inoculant <em>L. plantarum</em>. All inoculants were applied at a rate of 1 × 10<sup>5</sup> cfu/g on a fresh matter basis, and then ensiled at 25, 15, and 10℃, respectively. Results indicated that the strain L75 exhibited better performance in EPS production, growth rate, and acid production compared to the commercial inoculant at low temperature. Inoculating with both strains improved the silage quality of oat forage by enhancing fermentation quality and suppressing undesirable microorganisms such as <em>Hafnia alvei</em> and <em>Ewingella americana</em> throughout the fermentation process compared to the control silage. Importantly, L75 was more effective than the commercial inoculant in enhancing fermentation quality, antioxidant activity, and the proportion of <em>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</em>, leading to lower dry matter loss of oat silages at low temperature. In conclusion, the psychrotrophic strain L75 with EPS-producing property has great potential to improve fermentation quality and antioxidant activities of oat silage by altering bacterial composition at low temperatures. Thus, strain L75 can be used as a candidate strain for making high-quality silage in alpine region with low temperature in forage harvesting season.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"318 ","pages":"Article 116150"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142655383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号