Single parameter model for cosmic scale photon redshift in a closed Universe

Abstract

A successful single parameter model has been formulated to match the observations of photons from type 1a supernovae which were previously used to corroborate the standard 𝛬 cold dark matter model. The new single parameter model extrapolates all the way back to the cosmic background radiation (CMB) without requiring a separate model to describe inflation of the space dimensions after the Big Bang. The model for the redshift progression of a photon is: 1 + z =\(\frac{\text{sin}\left(\frac{13.8}{T}\right)\pi /2}{\text{sin}\left(\frac{t}{T}\right)\pi /2}\) T is the fitted parameter and t is the time when the photon was emitted, both measured in billions of years from time zero in the Big Bang. The angle is expressed in radians. The number 13.8 should be updated if an improved estimate for the time elapsed since the Big Bang is found. The single parameter model assumes that spacetime forms a finite symmetrical manifold with positive curvature.