A tarsal spinning organ in glomeridesmid millipedes (Diplopoda: Pentazonia: Glomeridesmida)

IF 1.5 2区 农林科学 Q2 ENTOMOLOGY Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny Pub Date : 2021-10-18 DOI:10.3897/asp.79.e70002
L. Moritz, T. Wesener
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Abstract

Abstract The production of sticky threads from spinnerets is known from various myriapod groups including some representatives of the millipedes (Diplopoda). In Diplopoda the thread-producing glands are mostly seta-like and positioned terminally on the telson, and the secretion product is typically used to build molting chambers or egg sacs. So far, no such secretions or organs have been documented for the subgroup Pentazonia. Here we describe thread-producing glands from the species-poor Glomeridesmida. These putative spinning organs are single circular fields of small pores (spinning fields) positioned on the outer side of the tarsi of all walking legs of mature and juvenile individuals of both sexes. These pores are the openings of cuticular tubuli (conducting canals), which extend from the tarsus to an aggregation of cells, a putative gland, within the femur. In several specimens thin threads were observed to be extruded from the pores. The tarsal spinning fields are present in all 21 investigated Glomeridesmida morphospecies, including Termitodesmidae and Glomeridesmidae from South East Asia, the Indian subcontinent, Oceania, and South and Central America. These organs might constitute an apomorphic character of the Glomeridesmida, as similar organs are absent in other Myriapoda. The function of the extruded threads in Glomeridesmida remains speculative, because observations of living specimens of the group are almost non-existing. We suggest that the secretion might be used for defense, to build molting chambers or to secure tunnels burrowed in the substrate.
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足跖足纲千足虫的一种跗骨旋转器官(双足目:五足目:足跖足目)
摘要从喷丝头生产粘线是已知的各种肉豆蔻类动物,包括一些代表性的千足虫(双足目)。在双足目中,产线腺大多呈刚毛状,末端位于特尔森,分泌产物通常用于建造蜕皮室或卵囊。到目前为止,还没有关于五宗菌亚群的此类分泌物或器官的记录。在这里,我们描述了来自贫困的Glomeriesmida物种的产线腺体。这些假定的旋转器官是位于成熟个体和幼年个体所有行走腿的跗骨外侧的小孔的单个圆形区域(旋转区域)。这些孔是角质小管(传导管)的开口,从跗骨延伸到股骨内的细胞聚集处,即假定的腺体。在几个样品中,观察到细线从孔隙中挤出。在所有21种调查的Glomeridesmida形态物种中都存在跗骨旋场,包括来自东南亚、印度次大陆、大洋洲、南美洲和中美洲的Termitodesmide和GlomeridESmide。这些器官可能构成Glomeridesmida的变形特征,因为在其他Myriapoda中没有类似的器官。Glomeridesmida挤压线的功能仍然是推测性的,因为对该群活标本的观察几乎不存在。我们认为这种分泌物可能用于防御、建造蜕皮室或保护在基质中挖掘的隧道。
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来源期刊
Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny
Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny Agricultural and Biological Sciences-Insect Science
CiteScore
2.50
自引率
5.60%
发文量
26
审稿时长
12 weeks
期刊介绍: Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny releases three times per year. Research fields covered are the taxonomy, morphology/anatomy, phylogeny (molecular or morphology-based), historical biogeography and palaeontology of arthropod taxa. Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny is the successor of Entomologische Abhandlungen, formerly published by the Museum of Zoology Dresden, Germany.
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