The stonefly suborders Arctoperlaria and Antarctoperlaria reflect the current division of the diversity of this insect order between the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. However, there are several exceptions to this pattern, the most notable being the family Notonemouridae, which is phylogenetically deeply subordinate within the northern Arctoperlaria, but distributed in South Africa, South America, and Australia. Various hypotheses have been proposed regarding the circumstances of their dispersal to the south. Some estimated their origin as relatively recent, with long-distance dispersal to the southern continents in the Late Cretaceous or early Paleogene. On the other hand, fossils of Notonemouridae have been dated to the Middle Jurassic, proving the lineage is very ancient. However, all known notonemourid fossils originate from Asia and the timing of their dispersal to the south cannot be precisely estimated. Here we report new fossil stoneflies from the Late Jurassic Talbragar Fish Beds, Australia, described as Talbragaria australis gen. et sp. nov. and attributed to Notonemouridae. This finding represents the first fossil evidence of the northern suborder Arctoperlaria in the Southern Hemisphere, and confirms the north-to-south dispersal of Notonemouridae across Pangea prior to the continental break-up.
石蝇亚目(Arctoperlaria)和南极石蝇亚目(Antarctoperlaria)反映了目前石蝇亚目在北半球和南半球的多样性划分。然而，这种模式也有一些例外，最值得注意的是Notonemouridae科，它在系统发育上在北部大针叶虫属中处于从属地位，但分布在南非、南美洲和澳大利亚。关于它们向南迁徙的情况，人们提出了各种各样的假设。一些人估计它们的起源相对较晚，在白垩纪晚期或古近纪早期就远距离扩散到南部大陆。另一方面，Notonemouridae的化石可以追溯到中侏罗世，证明了这个谱系非常古老。然而，所有已知的notonemouid化石都起源于亚洲，它们向南方扩散的时间无法精确估计。本文报道了澳大利亚晚侏罗世Talbragar鱼床的新石蝇化石，描述为Talbragaria australis gen. et sp. 11 .，归属于Notonemouridae。这一发现代表了南半球北部亚目Arctoperlaria的第一个化石证据，并证实了Notonemouridae在大陆分裂之前在整个泛大陆从北向南扩散。
{"title":"New fossil stoneflies (Plecoptera: Arctoperlaria) from Australia testify ancient dispersal across Pangea","authors":"Pavel Sroka, Jakub Prokop","doi":"10.3897/asp.81.e109833","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/asp.81.e109833","url":null,"abstract":"The stonefly suborders Arctoperlaria and Antarctoperlaria reflect the current division of the diversity of this insect order between the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. However, there are several exceptions to this pattern, the most notable being the family Notonemouridae, which is phylogenetically deeply subordinate within the northern Arctoperlaria, but distributed in South Africa, South America, and Australia. Various hypotheses have been proposed regarding the circumstances of their dispersal to the south. Some estimated their origin as relatively recent, with long-distance dispersal to the southern continents in the Late Cretaceous or early Paleogene. On the other hand, fossils of Notonemouridae have been dated to the Middle Jurassic, proving the lineage is very ancient. However, all known notonemourid fossils originate from Asia and the timing of their dispersal to the south cannot be precisely estimated. Here we report new fossil stoneflies from the Late Jurassic Talbragar Fish Beds, Australia, described as Talbragaria australis gen. et sp. nov. and attributed to Notonemouridae. This finding represents the first fossil evidence of the northern suborder Arctoperlaria in the Southern Hemisphere, and confirms the north-to-south dispersal of Notonemouridae across Pangea prior to the continental break-up.","PeriodicalId":55460,"journal":{"name":"Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134954649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Plant bugs of the genus Heterocapillus (Miridae: Phylinae) are predominantly Mediterranean minute black phylines with distinctly swollen antennomeres I and II. The monophyly and relationships of this group has been questioned in several studies. This paper provides a morphology-based phylogeny inferred with Parsimony and Bayesian analyses of the genus and a diverse array of outgroups. Based on these results, Heterocapillus is here redefined as monotypic. A new monotypic genus Abietocapsus gen. nov. is erected to accommodate Phoenicocoris dissimilis (Reuter, 1878) and updated diagnoses are provided for the genera Lobicris Putshkov, 1977 gen. dist. , Mesopsallus Wagner, 1970 gen. dist. , and Salicarus Kerzhner, 1962. The following new combinations are established: Campylomma atlanticum (Wagner, 1963) comb. nov. , Campylomma pusillum (Reuter, 1878) comb. nov. , Mesopsallus amygdali (Wagner, 1960) comb. nov. , Mesopsallus fagi (Drapolyuk, 1990) comb. nov. , Mesopsallus mali (Meyer-Dür, 1843) comb. nov. , Mesopsallus pici (Reuter, 1899) comb. nov. , Mesopsallus rhodani (Fieber, 1861) comb. nov. , Mesopsallus validus (Reuter, 1901) comb. nov. , Psallus (Phylidea) validicornis (Reuter, 1876) comb. nov. , Salicarus cavinotum (Wagner, 1973) comb. nov. , Salicarus genistae (Lindberg, 1948) comb. nov. , Salicarus nitidus (Horváth, 1905) comb. nov. , and Salicarus perpusillus (Wagner, 1960) comb. nov. Atractotomus schmiedeknechti Reuter, 1899 is synonymized with Atractotomus parvulus Reuter, 1878. Heterocapillus niger Wagner, 1966 is synonymized with Psallus (Phylidea) validicornis (Reuter, 1876). The highly homoplastic nature of the antennal shape in phylines is demonstrated, suggesting against using these features as diagnostic at the generic level.
{"title":"Plant bugs with swollen antennae: a morphology-based phylogenetic analysis of Heterocapillus Wagner, 1960 and related genera (Hemiptera: Miridae: Phylinae)","authors":"Fedor V. Konstantinov","doi":"10.3897/asp.81.e104396","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/asp.81.e104396","url":null,"abstract":"Plant bugs of the genus Heterocapillus (Miridae: Phylinae) are predominantly Mediterranean minute black phylines with distinctly swollen antennomeres I and II. The monophyly and relationships of this group has been questioned in several studies. This paper provides a morphology-based phylogeny inferred with Parsimony and Bayesian analyses of the genus and a diverse array of outgroups. Based on these results, Heterocapillus is here redefined as monotypic. A new monotypic genus Abietocapsus gen. nov. is erected to accommodate Phoenicocoris dissimilis (Reuter, 1878) and updated diagnoses are provided for the genera Lobicris Putshkov, 1977 gen. dist. , Mesopsallus Wagner, 1970 gen. dist. , and Salicarus Kerzhner, 1962. The following new combinations are established: Campylomma atlanticum (Wagner, 1963) comb. nov. , Campylomma pusillum (Reuter, 1878) comb. nov. , Mesopsallus amygdali (Wagner, 1960) comb. nov. , Mesopsallus fagi (Drapolyuk, 1990) comb. nov. , Mesopsallus mali (Meyer-Dür, 1843) comb. nov. , Mesopsallus pici (Reuter, 1899) comb. nov. , Mesopsallus rhodani (Fieber, 1861) comb. nov. , Mesopsallus validus (Reuter, 1901) comb. nov. , Psallus (Phylidea) validicornis (Reuter, 1876) comb. nov. , Salicarus cavinotum (Wagner, 1973) comb. nov. , Salicarus genistae (Lindberg, 1948) comb. nov. , Salicarus nitidus (Horváth, 1905) comb. nov. , and Salicarus perpusillus (Wagner, 1960) comb. nov. Atractotomus schmiedeknechti Reuter, 1899 is synonymized with Atractotomus parvulus Reuter, 1878. Heterocapillus niger Wagner, 1966 is synonymized with Psallus (Phylidea) validicornis (Reuter, 1876). The highly homoplastic nature of the antennal shape in phylines is demonstrated, suggesting against using these features as diagnostic at the generic level.","PeriodicalId":55460,"journal":{"name":"Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135241363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Si-Xun Ge, Zhuo-Heng Jiang, Li-Li Ren, Cornelis van Achterberg, Jiang-Li Tan
The family Stephanidae (Hymenoptera) constitutes a unique group within the Apocrita, playing a pivotal role in the evolution of parasitoid wasps. Although the phylogeny of Stephanidae has been previously inferred, it remains at a low resolution when considering both extinct and extant genera, as well as the enigmatic extinct genus † Electrostephanus . Here, we undertake a revision of Stephanidae extinct, presenting descriptions of new specimens from late Cretaceous Burmese amber and early Eocene Baltic amber. Combining all extant and extinct genera, the phylogeny of Stephanidae was analyzed, incorporating 57 species within 21 genera based on 64 morphological characters. We apply both under maximum parsimony with equal weighting and implied weighting methods, with four species representing early Apocrita as outgroups. Divergence times are estimated by utilizing extinct taxa as calibration points. A new basal subfamily of stephanid wasp, †Lagenostephaninae subf. nov. was established, encompassing † Lagenostephanus and the newly described genera † Tumidistephanus gen. nov and † Neurastephanus gen. nov . The genus † Electrostephanus is redefined, with two species assigned under distinct genera, † Neurastephanus gen. nov. and † Aphanostephanus gen. nov. . We discuss some of the putative morphological synapomorphies of evolutionary significance within the phylogenetic framework. Our results complement several characteristics of great taxonomic importance for Stephanidae and provide new insights into the early evolution of the family.
茧蜂科(膜翅目)是寄生蜂科中一个独特的类群，在寄生蜂的进化过程中起着举足轻重的作用。虽然Stephanidae的系统发育已经被推断出来，但当考虑到灭绝的和现存的属，以及神秘的灭绝属†Electrostephanus时，它仍然是一个低分辨率。在此，我们对已灭绝的琥珀科进行了修订，提出了白垩纪晚期缅甸琥珀和始新世早期波罗的海琥珀的新标本描述。结合所有现存和已灭绝的属，根据64个形态特征，对菊科21属57种进行了系统发育分析。我们在最大简约性下采用等权法和隐含权法，用4个物种作为外群代表早期Apocrita。利用灭绝类群作为标定点，估计散度时间。刺花蜂属一新科，刺花蜂亚科。其中包括†Lagenostephanus和新发现的†Tumidistephanus gen. nov和†Neurastephanus gen. nov。重新定义了†电stephanus属，将其分为两个属:†Neurastephanus gen. 11和†Aphanostephanus gen. 11。我们在系统发育框架内讨论了一些假定的具有进化意义的形态学突触。我们的研究结果补充了Stephanidae在分类学上具有重要意义的几个特征，并为该科的早期进化提供了新的见解。
{"title":"New insights into the phylogeny of Stephanidae (Hymenoptera: Apocrita), with a revision of the fossil species","authors":"Si-Xun Ge, Zhuo-Heng Jiang, Li-Li Ren, Cornelis van Achterberg, Jiang-Li Tan","doi":"10.3897/asp.81.e107579","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/asp.81.e107579","url":null,"abstract":"The family Stephanidae (Hymenoptera) constitutes a unique group within the Apocrita, playing a pivotal role in the evolution of parasitoid wasps. Although the phylogeny of Stephanidae has been previously inferred, it remains at a low resolution when considering both extinct and extant genera, as well as the enigmatic extinct genus † Electrostephanus . Here, we undertake a revision of Stephanidae extinct, presenting descriptions of new specimens from late Cretaceous Burmese amber and early Eocene Baltic amber. Combining all extant and extinct genera, the phylogeny of Stephanidae was analyzed, incorporating 57 species within 21 genera based on 64 morphological characters. We apply both under maximum parsimony with equal weighting and implied weighting methods, with four species representing early Apocrita as outgroups. Divergence times are estimated by utilizing extinct taxa as calibration points. A new basal subfamily of stephanid wasp, †Lagenostephaninae subf. nov. was established, encompassing † Lagenostephanus and the newly described genera † Tumidistephanus gen. nov and † Neurastephanus gen. nov . The genus † Electrostephanus is redefined, with two species assigned under distinct genera, † Neurastephanus gen. nov. and † Aphanostephanus gen. nov. . We discuss some of the putative morphological synapomorphies of evolutionary significance within the phylogenetic framework. Our results complement several characteristics of great taxonomic importance for Stephanidae and provide new insights into the early evolution of the family.","PeriodicalId":55460,"journal":{"name":"Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135932971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marco Isaia, Giuseppe Nicolosi, Alessandro Infuso, Carles Ribera
The spider genus Typhlonesticus Kulczyński, 1914 (Araneae: Nesticidae) includes seven species, most of which exhibiting strict preference for caves, abandoned mines and other subterranean habitats. In Italy the genus is represented by two species: T. morisii (Brignoli, 1975), an extremely narrow endemic species from SW-Alps with a very high level of subterranean adaptation and T. idriacus (Roewer, 1931), showing a much wider distribution in NE-Italy and poor adaptations to subterranean life. Our recent biospeleological surveys in the Alps lead to the discovery of new populations of highly troglomorphic Typhlonesticus that proved to belong to two new species based on morphological and molecular data. Considering the rarity of these new species, we provide general information on their ecology and distribution, including a comparative analysis of troglomorphic traits in Typhlonesticus in relation to biogeographic factors. Information on the conservation status, useful for assessing their extinction risk based on International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) guidelines, is also provided.
{"title":"Two new subterranean Typhlonesticus (Araneae: Nesticidae) from the Alps with notes on their ecology, distribution and conservation","authors":"Marco Isaia, Giuseppe Nicolosi, Alessandro Infuso, Carles Ribera","doi":"10.3897/asp.81.e106948","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/asp.81.e106948","url":null,"abstract":"The spider genus Typhlonesticus Kulczyński, 1914 (Araneae: Nesticidae) includes seven species, most of which exhibiting strict preference for caves, abandoned mines and other subterranean habitats. In Italy the genus is represented by two species: T. morisii (Brignoli, 1975), an extremely narrow endemic species from SW-Alps with a very high level of subterranean adaptation and T. idriacus (Roewer, 1931), showing a much wider distribution in NE-Italy and poor adaptations to subterranean life. Our recent biospeleological surveys in the Alps lead to the discovery of new populations of highly troglomorphic Typhlonesticus that proved to belong to two new species based on morphological and molecular data. Considering the rarity of these new species, we provide general information on their ecology and distribution, including a comparative analysis of troglomorphic traits in Typhlonesticus in relation to biogeographic factors. Information on the conservation status, useful for assessing their extinction risk based on International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) guidelines, is also provided.","PeriodicalId":55460,"journal":{"name":"Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135935504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yan-Na Zheng, Jun-Jie Gu, Zhu-Qing He, Huateng Huang, Li-Bin Ma
The hemispherical head is prevalent in Gryllinae crickets, so the rare crickets that have a unique form of head will be extremely unusual. In previous studies, this special feature can be one of the important features to distinguish and identify these crickets. But does this particular head shape truly reflect a clear-cut taxonomic relationship? The species of the genus Loxoblemmus have a typical truncate head; species of the genus Stephoblemmus have a more exaggerated truncate head, with the frontal end even extending into a lamellar. The genus Mitius is relatively unusual in that species of this genus have both globose or truncate heads. How are these species related? Does the cephalic shape perfectly reflect the natural classification of these species? Based on these questions, the study applied species definition and morphological classification to explore the intergeneric and intrageneric species relationships of the genera Mitius , Stephoblemmus , and Loxoblemmus , and derived the following main conclusions: (1) Mitius and Stephoblemmus are related and distinct from Loxoblemmus ; (2) Mitius species bear two types of frons (truncated and rounded), but this feature disallows them to be classified as natural groups; (3) one genus synonym and three species synonyms are raised ( Mitius Gorochov, 1985 syn. n. , Mitius splendens (Shiraki, 1930) syn. n. , Mitius eryuanensis Yuan, Xie & Liu, 2021 syn. n. and Mitius brevipennis Yuan, Ma & Gu, 2022 syn. n. ), and seven new status combinations are proposed ( Stephoblemmus blennus (Saussure, 1877) comb. n. , Stephoblemmus castaneus (Chopard, 1937) comb. n. , Stephoblemmus enatus Gorochov, 1994 comb. n. , Stephoblemmus flavipes (Chopard, 1928) comb. n. , Stephoblemmus minor (Shiraki, 1911) comb. n. , Stephoblemmus minutulus (Yang & Yang, 1995) comb. n. and Stephoblemmus vaturu (Otte & Cowper, 2007) comb. n. ). The studies indicated that frons shapes that appear to be significantly different might not always reflect the correct Gryllinae species relationships and a combination of more taxonomic features and taxonomic techniques is needed often to reveal the true taxonomic relationships.
{"title":"On a taxonomic feature that has been overestimated in classification practice: an integrative taxonomic revision of Stephoblemmus Saussure, 1877 based on morphology and molecular phylogeny (Orthoptera: Grylloidea; Gryllidae; Gryllinae)","authors":"Yan-Na Zheng, Jun-Jie Gu, Zhu-Qing He, Huateng Huang, Li-Bin Ma","doi":"10.3897/asp.81.e104772","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/asp.81.e104772","url":null,"abstract":"The hemispherical head is prevalent in Gryllinae crickets, so the rare crickets that have a unique form of head will be extremely unusual. In previous studies, this special feature can be one of the important features to distinguish and identify these crickets. But does this particular head shape truly reflect a clear-cut taxonomic relationship? The species of the genus Loxoblemmus have a typical truncate head; species of the genus Stephoblemmus have a more exaggerated truncate head, with the frontal end even extending into a lamellar. The genus Mitius is relatively unusual in that species of this genus have both globose or truncate heads. How are these species related? Does the cephalic shape perfectly reflect the natural classification of these species? Based on these questions, the study applied species definition and morphological classification to explore the intergeneric and intrageneric species relationships of the genera Mitius , Stephoblemmus , and Loxoblemmus , and derived the following main conclusions: (1) Mitius and Stephoblemmus are related and distinct from Loxoblemmus ; (2) Mitius species bear two types of frons (truncated and rounded), but this feature disallows them to be classified as natural groups; (3) one genus synonym and three species synonyms are raised ( Mitius Gorochov, 1985 syn. n. , Mitius splendens (Shiraki, 1930) syn. n. , Mitius eryuanensis Yuan, Xie & Liu, 2021 syn. n. and Mitius brevipennis Yuan, Ma & Gu, 2022 syn. n. ), and seven new status combinations are proposed ( Stephoblemmus blennus (Saussure, 1877) comb. n. , Stephoblemmus castaneus (Chopard, 1937) comb. n. , Stephoblemmus enatus Gorochov, 1994 comb. n. , Stephoblemmus flavipes (Chopard, 1928) comb. n. , Stephoblemmus minor (Shiraki, 1911) comb. n. , Stephoblemmus minutulus (Yang & Yang, 1995) comb. n. and Stephoblemmus vaturu (Otte & Cowper, 2007) comb. n. ). The studies indicated that frons shapes that appear to be significantly different might not always reflect the correct Gryllinae species relationships and a combination of more taxonomic features and taxonomic techniques is needed often to reveal the true taxonomic relationships.","PeriodicalId":55460,"journal":{"name":"Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135781756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Á. Laborda, Leticia Bidegaray‐Batista, M. Simó, A. Brescovit, Carolina Beloso, L. Piacentini
The taxonomy and systematics of the subfamily Allocosinae are poorly known, especially in South America. In the last century, several species have been described in genera from other subfamilies or transferred to them creating great confusion in the knowledge of Allocosinae. In this study we propose the new genus, Abaycosagen. nov. to contain two species previously described, Orinocosa paraguensis (Gertsch & Wallace 1937) and Pardosa nanicaMello-Leitão 1941. Additionally, we propose two synonyms, Pardosa flammulaMello-Leitão 1945 as a junior synonym of Abaycosa nanica (Mello-Leitão 1941), comb. nov. and Alopecosa roseaMello-Leitão 1945 as a junior synonym of Abaycosa paraguensis (Gertsch & Wallace 1937), comb. nov. The results of the phylogenetic analysis using molecular characters place Abaycosa in the subfamily Allocosinae, which is also supported by morphological data. Abaycosa can be distinguished from the remaining Allocosinae by the following characters: in males by the presence of only one distal macrosetae and a patch of flat setae on the tip of the cymbium, in females by the ventral position of the vulval chamber and by the short and stout stalk of the spermathecae.
{"title":"Abaycosa a new genus of South American wolf spiders (Lycosidae: Allocosinae)","authors":"Á. Laborda, Leticia Bidegaray‐Batista, M. Simó, A. Brescovit, Carolina Beloso, L. Piacentini","doi":"10.3897/asp.80.e76339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/asp.80.e76339","url":null,"abstract":"The taxonomy and systematics of the subfamily Allocosinae are poorly known, especially in South America. In the last century, several species have been described in genera from other subfamilies or transferred to them creating great confusion in the knowledge of Allocosinae. In this study we propose the new genus, Abaycosagen. nov. to contain two species previously described, Orinocosa paraguensis (Gertsch & Wallace 1937) and Pardosa nanicaMello-Leitão 1941. Additionally, we propose two synonyms, Pardosa flammulaMello-Leitão 1945 as a junior synonym of Abaycosa nanica (Mello-Leitão 1941), comb. nov. and Alopecosa roseaMello-Leitão 1945 as a junior synonym of Abaycosa paraguensis (Gertsch & Wallace 1937), comb. nov. The results of the phylogenetic analysis using molecular characters place Abaycosa in the subfamily Allocosinae, which is also supported by morphological data. Abaycosa can be distinguished from the remaining Allocosinae by the following characters: in males by the presence of only one distal macrosetae and a patch of flat setae on the tip of the cymbium, in females by the ventral position of the vulval chamber and by the short and stout stalk of the spermathecae.","PeriodicalId":55460,"journal":{"name":"Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49263001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. C. Martins, H. Aspöck, U. Aspöck, A. Contreras-Ramos
The genus Alena Navás, 1916, is considered the most distinct genus of Raphidiidae, because of the uncommon shape of its male genital sclerites and its geographic distribution restricted to the southwestern U.S.A. and western Mexico. Herein, we present a new species of the subgenus Aztekoraphidia U. Aspöck and H. Aspöck, 1970, – Alena (Aztekoraphidia) alanaesp. nov. Based on this discovery we present a detailed morphological study and the first morphological phylogeny of Alena. Our results recover this genus as monophyletic, including the subgenus Aztekoraphidia as sister to a clade composed by the other two monotypic subgenera, Alenas.s. Navás, 1916, and Mexicoraphidia U. Aspöck and H. Aspöck, 1970. We also provide a hypothesis about the biogeographic history of the group, which advocates that species of Alena are strongly associated with central Mexico and their ancestors were probably widely distributed through western North America in the past, of which only a few small groups survived in glacial refuges.
Alena属Navás, 1916，被认为是Raphidiidae中最独特的属，因为它的雄性生殖器硬骨的形状不寻常，而且它的地理分布仅限于美国西南部和墨西哥西部。本文报道了Aztekoraphidia U. Aspöck和H. Aspöck亚属的一新种- Alena (Aztekoraphidia) alanaesp。11 .基于这一发现，我们进行了详细的形态研究和Alena的第一次形态系统发育。我们的结果恢复该属为单系，包括Aztekoraphidia亚属，它是由另外两个单系亚属Alenas.s组成的分支的姊妹。Navás, 1916年，以及Mexicoraphidia U. Aspöck和H. Aspöck, 1970年。我们还提出了一种关于该群体生物地理历史的假设，认为Alena物种与墨西哥中部密切相关，其祖先可能在过去广泛分布于北美西部，其中只有少数少数群体在冰川避难所幸存下来。
{"title":"Phylogeny and biogeography of the unique snakefly genus Alena Navás, 1916 (Raphidioptera: Raphidiidae)","authors":"C. C. Martins, H. Aspöck, U. Aspöck, A. Contreras-Ramos","doi":"10.3897/asp.80.e77260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/asp.80.e77260","url":null,"abstract":"The genus Alena Navás, 1916, is considered the most distinct genus of Raphidiidae, because of the uncommon shape of its male genital sclerites and its geographic distribution restricted to the southwestern U.S.A. and western Mexico. Herein, we present a new species of the subgenus Aztekoraphidia U. Aspöck and H. Aspöck, 1970, – Alena (Aztekoraphidia) alanaesp. nov. Based on this discovery we present a detailed morphological study and the first morphological phylogeny of Alena. Our results recover this genus as monophyletic, including the subgenus Aztekoraphidia as sister to a clade composed by the other two monotypic subgenera, Alenas.s. Navás, 1916, and Mexicoraphidia U. Aspöck and H. Aspöck, 1970. We also provide a hypothesis about the biogeographic history of the group, which advocates that species of Alena are strongly associated with central Mexico and their ancestors were probably widely distributed through western North America in the past, of which only a few small groups survived in glacial refuges.","PeriodicalId":55460,"journal":{"name":"Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43817264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Dufouriini are a worldwide distributed tachinid tribe comprised of 51 species in 13 genera, made up of parasitoids of adult Coleoptera. The systematic positioning of Dufouriini has been controversial. Currently, it is placed within Dexiinae, but was previously placed in Phasiinae and Voriinae, and has even had the status of subfamily. Delimitation and composition of Dufouriini has also been debated, whether it is a single tribe or divided into two (Dufouriini and Freraeini) or three (Dufouriini, Oestrophasiini and Freraeini) tribes. Herein, we present the first phylogenetic analysis of Dufouriini based on total evidence using morphological data from adult and immature stages. The taxonomic sampling included all genera in Dufouriini (including Oestrophasiini) and also the genus belonging to Freraeini, a historically related tribe. Data matrix comprised 35 species and 22 genera in the ingroup, and 185 characters constructed from eggs, first instar larvae, puparia and adults, including female and male terminalia and spermathecae. The phylogenetic analysis recovered Dexiinae as paraphyletic in relation to Phasiinae, since the clade (Freraeini (Dufouriini + Oestrophasiini)) is more closely related to Phasiinae than Dexiinae. Dufouriini, Oestrophasiini and Freraeini are recovered as separate monophyletic tribes, strongly supported by a number of synapomorphies. Oestrophasiini is revalidated. A new synonymy is proposed: Comyopsis Townsend syn. nov. of Ebenia Macquart. Accordingly, Ebenia fumata (Townsend, 1919) is nomen preoccupatum by Ebenia fumata (Wulp, 1891), thus we change its specific epithet by designation of the new replacement name Ebenia neofumata Santis and Nihei [nomen novum]. The genera Mesnilana and Rhinophoroides are removed from Dufouriini and tentatively placed into Palpostomatini. Finally, Cenosomastat. rev., previously a subgenus of Oestrophasia, is revalidated as genus.
{"title":"Phylogenetic analysis of the tribe Dufouriini (Diptera: Tachinidae) using a total evidence approach based on adult and immature stages","authors":"M. D. de Santis, S. Nihei","doi":"10.3897/asp.80.e69618","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/asp.80.e69618","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Abstract\u0000 \u0000 Dufouriini are a worldwide distributed tachinid tribe comprised of 51 species in 13 genera, made up of parasitoids of adult Coleoptera. The systematic positioning of Dufouriini has been controversial. Currently, it is placed within Dexiinae, but was previously placed in Phasiinae and Voriinae, and has even had the status of subfamily. Delimitation and composition of Dufouriini has also been debated, whether it is a single tribe or divided into two (Dufouriini and Freraeini) or three (Dufouriini, Oestrophasiini and Freraeini) tribes. Herein, we present the first phylogenetic analysis of Dufouriini based on total evidence using morphological data from adult and immature stages. The taxonomic sampling included all genera in Dufouriini (including Oestrophasiini) and also the genus belonging to Freraeini, a historically related tribe. Data matrix comprised 35 species and 22 genera in the ingroup, and 185 characters constructed from eggs, first instar larvae, puparia and adults, including female and male terminalia and spermathecae. The phylogenetic analysis recovered Dexiinae as paraphyletic in relation to Phasiinae, since the clade (Freraeini (Dufouriini + Oestrophasiini)) is more closely related to Phasiinae than Dexiinae. Dufouriini, Oestrophasiini and Freraeini are recovered as separate monophyletic tribes, strongly supported by a number of synapomorphies. Oestrophasiini is revalidated. A new synonymy is proposed: Comyopsis Townsend syn. nov. of Ebenia Macquart. Accordingly, Ebenia fumata (Townsend, 1919) is nomen preoccupatum by Ebenia fumata (Wulp, 1891), thus we change its specific epithet by designation of the new replacement name Ebenia neofumata Santis and Nihei [nomen novum]. The genera Mesnilana and Rhinophoroides are removed from Dufouriini and tentatively placed into Palpostomatini. Finally, Cenosomastat. rev., previously a subgenus of Oestrophasia, is revalidated as genus.","PeriodicalId":55460,"journal":{"name":"Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48267113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lucas A. Jennings, A. Blakeslee, K. McCoy, Donald C. Behringer, J. Bojko
Abstract This study provides a broad phylogenetic analysis for the Eubrachyura, with the inclusion of three new Panopeidae mitochondrial genomes: Eurypanopeus depressus (flatback mud crab) (15,854bp), Panopeus herbstii (Atlantic mud crab) (15,812bp) and Rhithropanopeus harrisii (Harris, or ‘white-fingered’ mud crab) (15,892bp). These new mitogenomes were analyzed alongside all available brachyuran mitochondrial genomes (n = 113), comprising 80 genera from 29 families, to provide an updated phylogenetic analysis of the infra-order Brachyura (“true crabs”). Our analyses support the subsection Potamoida within the Eubrachyura as the sister group to Thoracotremata. The family Panopeidae aligns with the family Xanthidae to form the Xanthoidea branch, which is supported by current morphological and genetic taxonomy. A unique gene arrangement termed ‘XanGO’ was identified for the panopeids and varies relative to other members of the subsection Heterotremata (within the Eubrachyura) via a transposition of the trnV gene. This gene arrangement is novel and is shared between several Xanthoidea species, including Etisus anaglyptus (hairy spooner crab), Atergatis floridus (brown egg crab), and Atergatis integerrimus (red egg crab), suggesting that it is a conserved gene arrangement within the Xanthoidea superfamily. Our study further reveals a need for taxonomic revision of some brachyuran groups, particularly the Sesarmidae. The inclusion of panopeid mitogenomes into the greater brachyuran phylogeny increases our understanding of crab evolution and higher level Eubrachyuran systematics.
{"title":"Systematic assessment of the Panopeidae and broader Eubrachyura (Decapoda: Brachyura) using mitochondrial genomics","authors":"Lucas A. Jennings, A. Blakeslee, K. McCoy, Donald C. Behringer, J. Bojko","doi":"10.3897/asp.79.e70234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/asp.79.e70234","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract\u0000 \u0000 This study provides a broad phylogenetic analysis for the Eubrachyura, with the inclusion of three new Panopeidae mitochondrial genomes: Eurypanopeus depressus (flatback mud crab) (15,854bp), Panopeus herbstii (Atlantic mud crab) (15,812bp) and Rhithropanopeus harrisii (Harris, or ‘white-fingered’ mud crab) (15,892bp). These new mitogenomes were analyzed alongside all available brachyuran mitochondrial genomes (n = 113), comprising 80 genera from 29 families, to provide an updated phylogenetic analysis of the infra-order Brachyura (“true crabs”). Our analyses support the subsection Potamoida within the Eubrachyura as the sister group to Thoracotremata. The family Panopeidae aligns with the family Xanthidae to form the Xanthoidea branch, which is supported by current morphological and genetic taxonomy. A unique gene arrangement termed ‘XanGO’ was identified for the panopeids and varies relative to other members of the subsection Heterotremata (within the Eubrachyura) via a transposition of the trnV gene. This gene arrangement is novel and is shared between several Xanthoidea species, including Etisus anaglyptus (hairy spooner crab), Atergatis floridus (brown egg crab), and Atergatis integerrimus (red egg crab), suggesting that it is a conserved gene arrangement within the Xanthoidea superfamily. Our study further reveals a need for taxonomic revision of some brachyuran groups, particularly the Sesarmidae. The inclusion of panopeid mitogenomes into the greater brachyuran phylogeny increases our understanding of crab evolution and higher level Eubrachyuran systematics.","PeriodicalId":55460,"journal":{"name":"Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45739838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yan‐Da Li, Erik Tihelka, Zhenhua Liu, Diying Huang, Chen-yang Cai
Abstract The cryptic slime mold beetles, Sphindidae, are a moderately diverse cucujoid beetle family, whose members are obligately tied to slime molds throughout their life. The fossil record of sphindid beetles is sparse; stem-sphindids and crown-group members of uncertain systematic placement have been reported from Cretaceous ambers. Here we review the Mesozoic fossil record of Sphindidae and report a new sphindid genus and species, Trematosphindus newtonigen. et sp. nov., from Albian/Cenomanian amber from northern Myanmar (ca. 99 Ma). Trematosphindus is set apart from all other sphindids by the presence of distinct lateral cavities on the anterior pronotal angles. Our phylogenetic analysis identifies Trematosphindus as an early-diverging genus within Sphindidae, sister to the remainder of the family except Protosphindus, or Protosphindus and Odontosphindus. The new fossils provide evidence that basal crown slime mold beetles begun to diversify by the mid-Cretaceous, providing a valuable calibration point for understanding timescale of sphindid co-evolution with slime molds.
{"title":"New mid-Cretaceous cryptic slime mold beetles and the early evolution of Sphindidae (Coleoptera: Cucujoidea)","authors":"Yan‐Da Li, Erik Tihelka, Zhenhua Liu, Diying Huang, Chen-yang Cai","doi":"10.3897/asp.79.e72724","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/asp.79.e72724","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Abstract\u0000 \u0000 The cryptic slime mold beetles, Sphindidae, are a moderately diverse cucujoid beetle family, whose members are obligately tied to slime molds throughout their life. The fossil record of sphindid beetles is sparse; stem-sphindids and crown-group members of uncertain systematic placement have been reported from Cretaceous ambers. Here we review the Mesozoic fossil record of Sphindidae and report a new sphindid genus and species, Trematosphindus newtonigen. et sp. nov., from Albian/Cenomanian amber from northern Myanmar (ca. 99 Ma). Trematosphindus is set apart from all other sphindids by the presence of distinct lateral cavities on the anterior pronotal angles. Our phylogenetic analysis identifies Trematosphindus as an early-diverging genus within Sphindidae, sister to the remainder of the family except Protosphindus, or Protosphindus and Odontosphindus. The new fossils provide evidence that basal crown slime mold beetles begun to diversify by the mid-Cretaceous, providing a valuable calibration point for understanding timescale of sphindid co-evolution with slime molds.","PeriodicalId":55460,"journal":{"name":"Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46199114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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