Sex Differences in the Therapy of Advanced Movement Disorders

Abstract

The influence of sex differences in movement disorders is still under-recognized. There are significant sex differences in the pathophysiology, epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and treatments outcome of many of movement disorders especially Parkinson’s disease. Importance of sex specific differences in invasive treatment outcomes emphasize the importance of their considering when devising patient’s individual management strategies. Increased recognition and future prospective studies specifically addressing sex differences in invasive treatments’ outcomes may help and provide a tailored therapeutic and precision medicine approach to movement disorders. We highlight the most relevant invasive treatment’s effects in advanced movement disorders that differ between men and women. But also, the differences in selection of invasive methods. Increased recognition of sex differences and their impact on treatment of advanced phase of movement disorders, that are very disabling, is very important for future studies and precise and personalized medicine. In this article, we provide a review of sex- related differences in treatment of advanced movement disorders, mostly Parkinson’s diseases.