Aim: To estimate the prevalence of alcohol abuse among men by using combined the direct biochemical marker phosphatidylethanol (PEth) and the AUDIT questionnaire (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test). Subjects and Methods: The concentration of PEth was determined in 136 blood samples of men aged 15 - 65 years. The blood was obtained from the laboratory of the medical advisory centre, where it was submitted for routine biochemical analysis. Immediately before blood sampling, clients were asked to complete the AUDIT questionnaire. Determination of the concentration of PEth was carried out using the method of high performance liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC - MS). Statistical data processing was carried out using the Statistica 10.0 program. Results: Discrimination by the level of alcohol consumption using the concentration of PEth showed that the proportion of abstinents (practically not drinking alcohol) among men was 20.6 %; the proportion of moderate drinkers was 63.1 %; the proportion of alcohol abusers was 16.3 %. The highest average concentration of PEth, as well as the proportion of those who abuse alcohol, was observed in the age groups of 50 - 59 and 60+ years. The distribution by level of alcohol consumption according to the total score of the AUDIT test was as follows: abstinents - 17.9 %; moderate drinkers - 69.6 %; alcohol abusers - 12.5 %. The highest average test score, as well as the highest share of alcohol abusers, was observed in the age group 50 - 59 years. Correlation analysis did not reveal any relationship between the concentration of PEth in the blood and the total score of the AUDIT test in any of the age groups of men. Conclusion: The results indicate a fairly high prevalence of alcohol abuse among men. Alcohol-related problems are especially high among middle-aged men. The outcomes suggest a low concordance between the concentration of PEth in the blood and the AUDIT score.
{"title":"Combined Use of Phosphatidylethanol and the Audit Test for Detecting of Alcohol Abuse","authors":"Yury Evgeny Razvodovsky, Schuriberco Aleksey Vladimirovitz","doi":"10.20471/mjune.2024.60.02.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20471/mjune.2024.60.02.06","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To estimate the prevalence of alcohol abuse among men by using combined the direct biochemical marker phosphatidylethanol (PEth) and the AUDIT questionnaire (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test). Subjects and Methods: The concentration of PEth was determined in 136 blood samples of men aged 15 - 65 years. The blood was obtained from the laboratory of the medical advisory centre, where it was submitted for routine biochemical analysis. Immediately before blood sampling, clients were asked to complete the AUDIT questionnaire. Determination of the concentration of PEth was carried out using the method of high performance liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC - MS). Statistical data processing was carried out using the Statistica 10.0 program. Results: Discrimination by the level of alcohol consumption using the concentration of PEth showed that the proportion of abstinents (practically not drinking alcohol) among men was 20.6 %; the proportion of moderate drinkers was 63.1 %; the proportion of alcohol abusers was 16.3 %. The highest average concentration of PEth, as well as the proportion of those who abuse alcohol, was observed in the age groups of 50 - 59 and 60+ years. The distribution by level of alcohol consumption according to the total score of the AUDIT test was as follows: abstinents - 17.9 %; moderate drinkers - 69.6 %; alcohol abusers - 12.5 %. The highest average test score, as well as the highest share of alcohol abusers, was observed in the age group 50 - 59 years. Correlation analysis did not reveal any relationship between the concentration of PEth in the blood and the total score of the AUDIT test in any of the age groups of men. Conclusion: The results indicate a fairly high prevalence of alcohol abuse among men. Alcohol-related problems are especially high among middle-aged men. The outcomes suggest a low concordance between the concentration of PEth in the blood and the AUDIT score.","PeriodicalId":8294,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Psychiatry Research","volume":"40 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141687841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-02DOI: 10.20471/june.2024.60.02.10
Luka Maršić, Daniela Vojnović
Aim: The aim of this paper is to review the moral aspect of addictions. With the advancement of technology that brings more and more possibilities to a human being, understanding the principles of one’s own mind and the principles of the epoch in which the same mind lives, becomes necessary for a free life. Materials and Methods: The materials we included into our work include a noteworthy literature dealing with this challenges. Results: In addiction, in which a person has the impression of controlling the substance, enjoying the blissful role of the victor carried on a misbalanced concept of eccentric positionality, until he/she himself/herself becomes the very object he longed for, being a mere object in his own life, so the postmodernist concept of humanity sinks and withers in a bubble of the safety of the supra-cultural mind hooked on the illusion and the power of technique. The concepts of science bring a different view of things, and thus the metaphysical abstract concept of conscience as a divine voice that leads towards the principles that in some epoch arose from the knowledge reached at that time, that is, beliefs, disintegrates. Conclusion: The significance of these theses is that they could be applicable in expanding the view on addictions, which is necessary, taking into account the changes in the mental environment (epoch).
{"title":"Eccentric Positionality in Addictions - Moral Aspect of Addictions","authors":"Luka Maršić, Daniela Vojnović","doi":"10.20471/june.2024.60.02.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20471/june.2024.60.02.10","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: The aim of this paper is to review the moral aspect of addictions. With the advancement of technology that brings more and more possibilities to a human being, understanding the principles of one’s own mind and the principles of the epoch in which the same mind lives, becomes necessary for a free life. Materials and Methods: The materials we included into our work include a noteworthy literature dealing with this challenges. Results: In addiction, in which a person has the impression of controlling the substance, enjoying the blissful role of the victor carried on a misbalanced concept of eccentric positionality, until he/she himself/herself becomes the very object he longed for, being a mere object in his own life, so the postmodernist concept of humanity sinks and withers in a bubble of the safety of the supra-cultural mind hooked on the illusion and the power of technique. The concepts of science bring a different view of things, and thus the metaphysical abstract concept of conscience as a divine voice that leads towards the principles that in some epoch arose from the knowledge reached at that time, that is, beliefs, disintegrates. Conclusion: The significance of these theses is that they could be applicable in expanding the view on addictions, which is necessary, taking into account the changes in the mental environment (epoch).","PeriodicalId":8294,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Psychiatry Research","volume":"18 s2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141688165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-02DOI: 10.20471/june.2024.60.02.03
Katarina Šarčević Ivić-Hofman, Ana Wagner Jakab, Lelia Kiš-Glavaš
Aim: The objective of this research was to determine the satisfaction of professionals with early support services, professional role and support provided to families of children with developmental disabilities in Brod-Posavina and Istria counties. Subjects and Methods: The sample included 82 professionals from the fields of healthcare, social welfare, and early and preschool education, and a measuring instrument was designed for the purposes of this research. In the first part of the questionnaire, data on sociodemographic characteristics were collected, and in the second part, data on professionals’ satisfaction with early support services, satisfaction with their professional role and satisfaction with the support provided to families of children with disabilities. Results: The results show that most professionals are satisfied with the advisory support services of pediatricians from the health center, the inclusion of children with developmental disabilities in kindergarten and the advisory support of kindergarten teachers. A very small number of professionals express their satisfaction with telephone counseling, the service of a social pedagogue in Centre for Social Welfare, and an assistant in a kindergarten. It was identified that only self-assessment of knowledge about children with developmental disabilities is a significant positive predictor of satisfaction with the professional role (ß = 0.37, p < 0.01). Conclusion: It was also shown that professionals who have more knowledge are more satisfied with their professional role and the support they provide. Findings of this research suggested that quality education and knowledge can be key to achieving a high level of satisfaction with the professional role and the support provided.
{"title":"Professionals’ Satisfaction with the Available Early Support Services, the Professional Role and the Support Provided to Children with Developmental Disabilities and Their Families","authors":"Katarina Šarčević Ivić-Hofman, Ana Wagner Jakab, Lelia Kiš-Glavaš","doi":"10.20471/june.2024.60.02.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20471/june.2024.60.02.03","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: The objective of this research was to determine the satisfaction of professionals with early support services, professional role and support provided to families of children with developmental disabilities in Brod-Posavina and Istria counties. Subjects and Methods: The sample included 82 professionals from the fields of healthcare, social welfare, and early and preschool education, and a measuring instrument was designed for the purposes of this research. In the first part of the questionnaire, data on sociodemographic characteristics were collected, and in the second part, data on professionals’ satisfaction with early support services, satisfaction with their professional role and satisfaction with the support provided to families of children with disabilities. Results: The results show that most professionals are satisfied with the advisory support services of pediatricians from the health center, the inclusion of children with developmental disabilities in kindergarten and the advisory support of kindergarten teachers. A very small number of professionals express their satisfaction with telephone counseling, the service of a social pedagogue in Centre for Social Welfare, and an assistant in a kindergarten. It was identified that only self-assessment of knowledge about children with developmental disabilities is a significant positive predictor of satisfaction with the professional role (ß = 0.37, p < 0.01). Conclusion: It was also shown that professionals who have more knowledge are more satisfied with their professional role and the support they provide. Findings of this research suggested that quality education and knowledge can be key to achieving a high level of satisfaction with the professional role and the support provided.","PeriodicalId":8294,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Psychiatry Research","volume":"16 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141684926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aim: The etiology of schizophrenia has been linked to complex interactions of genetic and environmental factors, and among them are genes that regulate BDNF (Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor) expression. The BDNF has been linked to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia, particularly the Val66Met polymorphism. This study aims to assess BDNF Val66Met polymorphism and its role in positive and negative symptoms in patients with schizophrenia in East Java. Subjects and Methods: A total of 52 subjects with schizophrenia living in East Java were assessed for BDNF Val66Met polymorphism. The analysis was performed using Statistical the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 22. Clinical assessment was conducted using the positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS). Data were analyzed using linear regression multivariate analysis. Results: Our study found that Val/Met polymorphism is associated negatively with the total PANSS scores (beta coefficient = -12.299, p = 0.017). The Val/Val polymorphism is associated with negative symptoms (beta coefficient = 22.607, p = 0.043). The present study’s findings considered age, gender, education level, number of antipsychotics consumed, medication adherence, and duration of untreated psychosis. Conclusion: Val/Val polymorphism is associated with a higher PANSS total score. Val/Met genotype is associated with more severe positive symptoms, while the Val/Val genotype is associated with more negative symptoms. Further study with a larger and multicenter sample is needed to clarify further the relationship of BDNF polymorphism to clinical outcomes of schizophrenia.
{"title":"Association between Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) Val66Met polymorphism and Clinical Outcomes as Measured with PANSS Scale in Patients With Schizophrenia in Two Psychiatric Centres in East Java – Indonesia","authors":"Dearisa Surya Yudhantara, Kresna Septiandy Runtuk, Felix Wijovi, Darien Alfa Cipta","doi":"10.20471/june.2024.60.02.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20471/june.2024.60.02.01","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: The etiology of schizophrenia has been linked to complex interactions of genetic and environmental factors, and among them are genes that regulate BDNF (Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor) expression. The BDNF has been linked to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia, particularly the Val66Met polymorphism. This study aims to assess BDNF Val66Met polymorphism and its role in positive and negative symptoms in patients with schizophrenia in East Java. Subjects and Methods: A total of 52 subjects with schizophrenia living in East Java were assessed for BDNF Val66Met polymorphism. The analysis was performed using Statistical the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 22. Clinical assessment was conducted using the positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS). Data were analyzed using linear regression multivariate analysis. Results: Our study found that Val/Met polymorphism is associated negatively with the total PANSS scores (beta coefficient = -12.299, p = 0.017). The Val/Val polymorphism is associated with negative symptoms (beta coefficient = 22.607, p = 0.043). The present study’s findings considered age, gender, education level, number of antipsychotics consumed, medication adherence, and duration of untreated psychosis. Conclusion: Val/Val polymorphism is associated with a higher PANSS total score. Val/Met genotype is associated with more severe positive symptoms, while the Val/Val genotype is associated with more negative symptoms. Further study with a larger and multicenter sample is needed to clarify further the relationship of BDNF polymorphism to clinical outcomes of schizophrenia.","PeriodicalId":8294,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Psychiatry Research","volume":"361 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141686352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-02DOI: 10.20471/june.2024.60.02.07
Goran Arbanas
Aim: Artificial intelligence (AI) is making significant inroads into the field of psychiatry, offering new tools and applications. ChatGPT, a specific chatbot, is at the forefront of this digital revolution. AI’s use in psychiatry ranges from identifying psychiatric symptoms, predicting treatment responses, and improving medication adherence to assisting in patient education, monitoring, and bridging gaps in mental health care. Materials and Methods: This review used a literature study method. Results: ChatGPT functions as a clinical decision support tool. It can analyse patient data and provide diagnostic insights, recommend evidence-based treatments, and offer drug information. It has demonstrated proficiency in generating summaries from medical records, saving clinicians time and enabling them to focus on patient care. Additionally, chatbots like ChatGPT serve as therapist assistants, offering emotional support between therapy sessions and potentially conducting psychotherapy. Studies have shown positive outcomes, with chatbots reducing depression, anxiety symptoms, and providing 24/7 availability for crisis situations. Users find them non-judgmental and comfortable for discussing sensitive issues. Despite their potential, chatbots have limitations, such as the risk of incorrect or biased information due to their training data. They lack genuine understanding, creativity, and the ability to clarify user input. Ethical considerations regarding responsibility and data usage are paramount. Conclusion: AI, particularly ChatGPT, holds substantial promise in modern psychiatry, enhancing diagnostics, patient education, monitoring, and therapeutic support. Its integration into everyday psychiatric practice requires careful use, continuous oversight, and ethical considerations. Psychiatrists must become more familiar with AI tools to leverage their benefits in patient care.
{"title":"ChatGPT and other Chatbots in Psychiatry","authors":"Goran Arbanas","doi":"10.20471/june.2024.60.02.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20471/june.2024.60.02.07","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: Artificial intelligence (AI) is making significant inroads into the field of psychiatry, offering new tools and applications. ChatGPT, a specific chatbot, is at the forefront of this digital revolution. AI’s use in psychiatry ranges from identifying psychiatric symptoms, predicting treatment responses, and improving medication adherence to assisting in patient education, monitoring, and bridging gaps in mental health care. Materials and Methods: This review used a literature study method. Results: ChatGPT functions as a clinical decision support tool. It can analyse patient data and provide diagnostic insights, recommend evidence-based treatments, and offer drug information. It has demonstrated proficiency in generating summaries from medical records, saving clinicians time and enabling them to focus on patient care. Additionally, chatbots like ChatGPT serve as therapist assistants, offering emotional support between therapy sessions and potentially conducting psychotherapy. Studies have shown positive outcomes, with chatbots reducing depression, anxiety symptoms, and providing 24/7 availability for crisis situations. Users find them non-judgmental and comfortable for discussing sensitive issues. Despite their potential, chatbots have limitations, such as the risk of incorrect or biased information due to their training data. They lack genuine understanding, creativity, and the ability to clarify user input. Ethical considerations regarding responsibility and data usage are paramount. Conclusion: AI, particularly ChatGPT, holds substantial promise in modern psychiatry, enhancing diagnostics, patient education, monitoring, and therapeutic support. Its integration into everyday psychiatric practice requires careful use, continuous oversight, and ethical considerations. Psychiatrists must become more familiar with AI tools to leverage their benefits in patient care.","PeriodicalId":8294,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Psychiatry Research","volume":"28 44","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141685242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-02DOI: 10.20471/june.2024.60.02.04
Foteini Christopoulou, Ioannis Andrianopoulos, A. Tatsioni, Matilda Florentin, Athanasios Kitsakos, V. Peritogiannis
Aim: Age-related disorders, such as dementia, are relevant for healthcare services and health systems worldwide. The prevalence of dementia across European countries is estimated to exceed 7 %, and may rise over time. Those patients are at increased risk for hospital admission and prolonged hospitalization, and such care increases the cost for the healthcare system. Less is known regarding patients with dementia in Greece that visit the Accident and Emergency departments (A&E) in general hospitals. The present retrospective study aimed to address this issue. Subjects and methods: The sample of patients and the control group were traced in the A&E department of the University Hospital of Ioannina, Northwest Greece. The study sample consisted of 100 patients with dementia, aged > 65 years and 100 matched controls. The median age of patients with dementia was 85 years, for the control group 83 years, and 63 % were females. In most cases the diagnosis had been made by primary care physicians, and in of patients 21 % by neurologists/psychiatrists. Results: In both groups a median of 2 comorbidities was recorded, with hypertension, heart failure and dyslipidaemia being the most common. Fever and falls were the most common reasons for dementia patients visiting the A&E department. Infection was the most common diagnosis in dementia patients, whereas in 17 % of cases no diagnosis was made and no interventions were needed. The probability of admission after an A&E visit was significantly higher for the dementia group, whereas there were no differences regarding length of hospital stay between patients and controls. Conclusions: The results of the study are in line with international research and highlight the need for the establishment of a national register for patients with dementia, that would enable information exchange between primary and tertiary care and would enable proper diagnosis, management and discharge arrangements.
{"title":"Emergency Hospital Admissions of Elderly Patients with Dementia: General Characteristics, Outcome, and Areas of Improvement at an Accident and Emergency Department","authors":"Foteini Christopoulou, Ioannis Andrianopoulos, A. Tatsioni, Matilda Florentin, Athanasios Kitsakos, V. Peritogiannis","doi":"10.20471/june.2024.60.02.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20471/june.2024.60.02.04","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: Age-related disorders, such as dementia, are relevant for healthcare services and health systems worldwide. The prevalence of dementia across European countries is estimated to exceed 7 %, and may rise over time. Those patients are at increased risk for hospital admission and prolonged hospitalization, and such care increases the cost for the healthcare system. Less is known regarding patients with dementia in Greece that visit the Accident and Emergency departments (A&E) in general hospitals. The present retrospective study aimed to address this issue. Subjects and methods: The sample of patients and the control group were traced in the A&E department of the University Hospital of Ioannina, Northwest Greece. The study sample consisted of 100 patients with dementia, aged > 65 years and 100 matched controls. The median age of patients with dementia was 85 years, for the control group 83 years, and 63 % were females. In most cases the diagnosis had been made by primary care physicians, and in of patients 21 % by neurologists/psychiatrists. Results: In both groups a median of 2 comorbidities was recorded, with hypertension, heart failure and dyslipidaemia being the most common. Fever and falls were the most common reasons for dementia patients visiting the A&E department. Infection was the most common diagnosis in dementia patients, whereas in 17 % of cases no diagnosis was made and no interventions were needed. The probability of admission after an A&E visit was significantly higher for the dementia group, whereas there were no differences regarding length of hospital stay between patients and controls. Conclusions: The results of the study are in line with international research and highlight the need for the establishment of a national register for patients with dementia, that would enable information exchange between primary and tertiary care and would enable proper diagnosis, management and discharge arrangements.","PeriodicalId":8294,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Psychiatry Research","volume":"326 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141686654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-02DOI: 10.20471/june.2024.60.02.08
Ivana Glavina Jelaš, Franjo Filipović, Ivan Pranjić
Aim: Crisis negotiation is a very effective police tool for the successful and peaceful resolution of various types of crisis interventions, with different types of interventions being the focus of this review. Materials and Methods: One of the most effective communication skills negotiators use is active listening. Active listening involves focusing attention on what the person is saying without judging, while non-verbally and verbally letting the person know that he is being listened to. In the negotiation context, it calms the perpetrator, encourages him to talk, enables rapport building between the negotiator and the perpetrator, and encourages a change in the perpetrator’s behaviour. Results: Techniques that are most effective in crisis negotiation are paraphrasing, mirroring, “I” messages, minimal encouragements, pause, open-ended questions and emotion labelling. The paper also describes important factors for the effective use of active listening in crisis negotiation. Conclusion: Important factors for the effective use of active listening in crisis negotiation are non-judgmental acceptance, rapport building, maintaining dignity, authenticity, and empathy.
{"title":"Psychological Techniques in Crisis Negotiation","authors":"Ivana Glavina Jelaš, Franjo Filipović, Ivan Pranjić","doi":"10.20471/june.2024.60.02.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20471/june.2024.60.02.08","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: Crisis negotiation is a very effective police tool for the successful and peaceful resolution of various types of crisis interventions, with different types of interventions being the focus of this review. Materials and Methods: One of the most effective communication skills negotiators use is active listening. Active listening involves focusing attention on what the person is saying without judging, while non-verbally and verbally letting the person know that he is being listened to. In the negotiation context, it calms the perpetrator, encourages him to talk, enables rapport building between the negotiator and the perpetrator, and encourages a change in the perpetrator’s behaviour. Results: Techniques that are most effective in crisis negotiation are paraphrasing, mirroring, “I” messages, minimal encouragements, pause, open-ended questions and emotion labelling. The paper also describes important factors for the effective use of active listening in crisis negotiation. Conclusion: Important factors for the effective use of active listening in crisis negotiation are non-judgmental acceptance, rapport building, maintaining dignity, authenticity, and empathy.","PeriodicalId":8294,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Psychiatry Research","volume":"158 9‐12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141686695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-02DOI: 10.20471/june.2024.60.02.05
Vanja Blažun, Vesna Mijoč, Tamara Fehervari
Aim: The Motivation scale for free time was developed to measure motivation for activity of population in their free time. The aim of this study was to determine test-retest reliability of Croatian version of Motivation scale for free time on students. Subjects and Methods: The sample was consisted of 97 students of Karlovac University of Applied Sciences 64 men and 33 women). Study was conducted on two occasions and there were 137 students in first measurement and 97 students in second. The response rate to the second measurement was 70,8 %. Statistical data analysis was performed with the software package SPSS 23.0. The normality of the distribution was checked by the Kolmogorov - Smirnov test to justify the use of parametric procedures. The asymmetry coefficient ranged from +/- 3, and the flattening coefficient from +/- 10, and the distribution is considered normal, so the use of parametric procedures is allowed. The validity was checked in the form of correlations of individual particles with the total result in both measurements. Results: The validity in both measurements proved to be statistically significant. In the first measurement, the correlation range of each particle with the total score on the scale ranged between 0.4 to 0.74, which was statistically significant at a risk level of less than 1 %. In the second measurement, the correlation range of each particle with the total score on the scale ranged between 0.31 to 0.73, which was statistically significant at a risk level of less than 1 %. Conclusion: The results showed satisfactory reliability of Croatian version of motivation scale for free time on students.
{"title":"Reliability of the Croatian Version of Motivation Scale for Free Time","authors":"Vanja Blažun, Vesna Mijoč, Tamara Fehervari","doi":"10.20471/june.2024.60.02.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20471/june.2024.60.02.05","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: The Motivation scale for free time was developed to measure motivation for activity of population in their free time. The aim of this study was to determine test-retest reliability of Croatian version of Motivation scale for free time on students. Subjects and Methods: The sample was consisted of 97 students of Karlovac University of Applied Sciences 64 men and 33 women). Study was conducted on two occasions and there were 137 students in first measurement and 97 students in second. The response rate to the second measurement was 70,8 %. Statistical data analysis was performed with the software package SPSS 23.0. The normality of the distribution was checked by the Kolmogorov - Smirnov test to justify the use of parametric procedures. The asymmetry coefficient ranged from +/- 3, and the flattening coefficient from +/- 10, and the distribution is considered normal, so the use of parametric procedures is allowed. The validity was checked in the form of correlations of individual particles with the total result in both measurements. Results: The validity in both measurements proved to be statistically significant. In the first measurement, the correlation range of each particle with the total score on the scale ranged between 0.4 to 0.74, which was statistically significant at a risk level of less than 1 %. In the second measurement, the correlation range of each particle with the total score on the scale ranged between 0.31 to 0.73, which was statistically significant at a risk level of less than 1 %. Conclusion: The results showed satisfactory reliability of Croatian version of motivation scale for free time on students.","PeriodicalId":8294,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Psychiatry Research","volume":"32 47","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141685451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-02DOI: 10.20471/june.2024.60.02.11
Vjekoslav Peitl, Darko Vlahović
In light of the persistent struggles encountered with treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS), the pressing urgency remains for the development and implementa- tion of novel therapeutic interventions, an essential re- quirement in the realm of health care as a notable por- tion of individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia exhibit minimal positive reactions to antipsychotic medications, even with proper treatment. Evenamide, a newly developed oral compound, selectively inhibits voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs) with minimal impact on over 130 other CNS targets. VGSCs are crucial for neuronal excitability and the maintenance of resting potential, playing a vital role in the creation and transmission of action potentials within neurons. Evenamide's primary action involves normalizing glutamate release induced by irregular sodium channel activity without altering baseline glutamate levels, achieved through VGSC inhibition. In animal models of psychosis, evenamide combined with other antipsychotics, including clozapine, showed beneficial outcomes, suggesting potential synergistic mechanisms. Newron’s study 014/015 revealed positive results with evenamide, showing excellent tolerability and minimal adverse effects, with 85 out of 100 patients continuing treatment for 30 weeks. The improvement in TRS symptoms was substantial and increased over time. If corroborated by forthcoming randomized and placebo-controlled trials, evenamide could potentially supplement existing antipsychotics to ameliorate symptoms in TRS cases.
{"title":"Evenamide","authors":"Vjekoslav Peitl, Darko Vlahović","doi":"10.20471/june.2024.60.02.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20471/june.2024.60.02.11","url":null,"abstract":"In light of the persistent struggles encountered with treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS), the pressing urgency remains for the development and implementa- tion of novel therapeutic interventions, an essential re- quirement in the realm of health care as a notable por- tion of individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia exhibit minimal positive reactions to antipsychotic medications, even with proper treatment. Evenamide, a newly developed oral compound, selectively inhibits voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs) with minimal impact on over 130 other CNS targets. VGSCs are crucial for neuronal excitability and the maintenance of resting potential, playing a vital role in the creation and transmission of action potentials within neurons. Evenamide's primary action involves normalizing glutamate release induced by irregular sodium channel activity without altering baseline glutamate levels, achieved through VGSC inhibition. In animal models of psychosis, evenamide combined with other antipsychotics, including clozapine, showed beneficial outcomes, suggesting potential synergistic mechanisms. Newron’s study 014/015 revealed positive results with evenamide, showing excellent tolerability and minimal adverse effects, with 85 out of 100 patients continuing treatment for 30 weeks. The improvement in TRS symptoms was substantial and increased over time. If corroborated by forthcoming randomized and placebo-controlled trials, evenamide could potentially supplement existing antipsychotics to ameliorate symptoms in TRS cases.","PeriodicalId":8294,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Psychiatry Research","volume":"351 11‐12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141686605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-02DOI: 10.20471/june.2024.60.02.02
Marin Mamić, Tomislav Gretzer, Ivanka Zirdum, Hrvoje Vidić, Anamarija Tomić, Š. Mikšić, Ivana Mamić, Tihomir Jovanović, Ivana Jelinčić, D. Degmečić, S. Galić, Ivan Vukoja
Aim: Alcoholism is a major public health problem, and it has not yet been clarified which are the factors that influence the relapse of the disease. Aim of this research is to examine whether there is a connection between meaning of life in secondary abstainers from alcohol and variables (demographic, alcohol consumption and severity of addiction before abstinence) and to determine which variables are predictors of the meaning of life in secundary abstainers. Subjects and methods: The research was conducted in 2019 and 2020 at the County Hospital of Požega, at the Department of Neurology, Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology. 113 adults participated in this research who were diagnosed with alcohol addiction and are currently abstaining from alcohol. Results: Meaning of life in the examined addicts in abstinence is low positively related to the length of abstinence (p = 0.030), low negative with the number of hospitalizations due to alcohol addiction (p = 0.013), moderately negative with the severity of alcohol addiction before abstinence (p < 0.001) and moderately positive with financial status (p < 0.001). Hierarchical regression analysis showed that beeing unmerried (p = 0.021), financial status (p < 0.001) and severity of addiction (p < 0.001) are significant predictors of the meaning of life among abstainers from alcohol. Conclusion: It has been shown that alcoholism affects the meaning of life for alcohol addicts, and that it should be considered at the beginning and during the treatment of alcohol addicts.
{"title":"Meaning of Life in Secondary Abstainers from Alcohol (Abstain From Alcohol and Meaning of Life)","authors":"Marin Mamić, Tomislav Gretzer, Ivanka Zirdum, Hrvoje Vidić, Anamarija Tomić, Š. Mikšić, Ivana Mamić, Tihomir Jovanović, Ivana Jelinčić, D. Degmečić, S. Galić, Ivan Vukoja","doi":"10.20471/june.2024.60.02.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20471/june.2024.60.02.02","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: Alcoholism is a major public health problem, and it has not yet been clarified which are the factors that influence the relapse of the disease. Aim of this research is to examine whether there is a connection between meaning of life in secondary abstainers from alcohol and variables (demographic, alcohol consumption and severity of addiction before abstinence) and to determine which variables are predictors of the meaning of life in secundary abstainers. Subjects and methods: The research was conducted in 2019 and 2020 at the County Hospital of Požega, at the Department of Neurology, Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology. 113 adults participated in this research who were diagnosed with alcohol addiction and are currently abstaining from alcohol. Results: Meaning of life in the examined addicts in abstinence is low positively related to the length of abstinence (p = 0.030), low negative with the number of hospitalizations due to alcohol addiction (p = 0.013), moderately negative with the severity of alcohol addiction before abstinence (p < 0.001) and moderately positive with financial status (p < 0.001). Hierarchical regression analysis showed that beeing unmerried (p = 0.021), financial status (p < 0.001) and severity of addiction (p < 0.001) are significant predictors of the meaning of life among abstainers from alcohol. Conclusion: It has been shown that alcoholism affects the meaning of life for alcohol addicts, and that it should be considered at the beginning and during the treatment of alcohol addicts.","PeriodicalId":8294,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Psychiatry Research","volume":"24 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141685475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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