Rasgos de personalidad disfuncional en estudiantes universitarios de Buenos Aires

Abstract

espanolEn la seccion III del DSM-5 se propone un modelo alternativo para evaluar los trastornos de personalidad, en cuyo criterio B se postula un modelo dimensional de rasgos disfuncionales de personalidad compuesto por cinco dominios y 25 rasgos. El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar dichos dominios y rasgos en estudiantes universitarios de Buenos Aires. La muestra se compuso de 453 estudiantes universitarios de instituciones publicas y privadas (52.30% mujeres, 47.70% varones) con edades comprendidas entre los 18 y 35 anos (M = 24.26, DE = 3.73). Se recolectaron datos con una encuesta sociodemografica y de datos academicos basicos, asi como con el Inventario para Trastornos de la Personalidad para el DSM‐5 (PID-5). Para analizar diferencias en los dominios y rasgos segun sexo y tipo de carrera se llevaron a cabo analisis de MANOVA. Se calcularon correlaciones r de Pearson para examinar la asociacion de los dominios y rasgos con el rendimiento academico. Se hallo que las mujeres presentaron medias superiores Afecto Negativo, Ansiedad y Labilidad Emocional, y los hombres, en Antagonismo, Busqueda de Atencion, Insensibilidad, Engano, Grandiosidad, Manipulacion, Toma de Riesgo y Excentricidad. Examinado diferencias segun tipo de carrera, se detecto un patron de medias inferiores en los alumnos de Ciencias Humanas. Al analizar el vinculo con el rendimiento academico, se encontraron asociaciones negativas con el indice de aprobacion, mientras que positivas con los indices de aplazos, asignaturas libres y recursadas. En conclusion, se efectuo una primera aproximacion al estudio del modelo de rasgos disfuncionales en poblacion local universitaria, analizado su vinculo con variables sociodemograficas y academicas. EnglishSection III of the DSM-5 proposes an alternative model to assess personality disorders, in which criterion B postulated a dimensional model of dysfunctional personality traits composed of five domains and 25 traits. The aim of this paper was to analyze these domains and traits in university students of Buenos Aires. The sample consisted of 453 university students from public and private institutions (52.30% female, 47.70% male) aged between 18 and 35 years (M = 24.26, SD = 3.73). Data were collected using a survey of sociodemographic and basic academic data; as well as the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5). In order to analyze differences in domains and traits according to sex and type of career, MANOVA analyzes were carried out. Pearson's r correlations were calculated to examine the association of domains and traits with academic performance. It was found that women presented higher averages in Negative Affectivity, Anxiety and Lability Emotion and men in Antagonism, Attention Search, Insensitivity, Deception, Grandiosity, Manipulativeness, Risk Taking, and Eccentricity. Examined differences according to type of career a pattern of lower means was detected in the students of Human Sciences. When analyzing the relationship with academic performance, negative associations were found with the approval index, while positive with failed exams, failed subjects and recurring subjects. In conclusion, a first approach to the study of the model of dysfunctional traits in the local university student population was made, analyzing its link with sociodemographic and academic variables.