Glycolysis process activation in preserved red blood cells by nanotechnological treatment of resuspending solutions

Abstract

Currently, the use of nanotechnology opens up new opportunities to influence the processes of anaerobic glycolysis and the activity of hexose monophosphate reactions in preserved erythrocytes. Components containing donor red blood cells on CPDA-1 preservative were examined. Modified solutions of 0.9% NaCl and with 5% glucose were used as resuspending solutions. The solutions were treated with magnetite nanoparticles (ICNB brand) by the Belousov method. The amounts of 2,3-DPG, ATP, reduced glutathione, and glutathione peroxidase were determined by spectrophotometry. This study opens up new possibilities for increasing the shelf life and functional activity of preserved erythrocytes. The study showed a reliable increase in ATP and reduced glutathione, a decrease in 2,3-DPG and glutathione peroxidase. It was found that the activation of anaerobic glycolysis was less pronounced in tests with modified physiological saline than in tests with glucose solution. On the contrary, the pentose glucose oxidation cycle prevailed. A comprehensive analysis of the data obtained indicates the membrane-protective effect of the modified resuspending solutions. The membrane-protective effect is due to an increase in ATP and reduced glutathione, which ensures the redox potential of the cell in an equilibrium state. Magnetite nanoparticles (ICNB) change the mobility and orientation of hydrogen protons in resuspending solutions. This polarizes the aqueous sector of the erythrocyte microenvironment due to van der Waals forces, which is the main reason for activation of ATP phosphate residue hydrolysis and switching of intracellular enzymes regulating anaerobic glycolysis and pentose phosphate cycle into the active state. As a result, transmembrane metabolism and metabolism change, the energy state of erythrocytes changes, and enzymes are activated. All this has a significant impact on the energy supply of preserved red blood cells and preservation of their functional activity under storage conditions at 2 to 6 ºС.