Effect of spray drying conditions on physicochemical and functional properties of apple cider vinegar powder

JSFA reports Pub Date : 2023-05-18 DOI:10.1002/jsf2.130
Ipek Altay, Peter Reimer Stubbe, Mohammad Amin Mohammadifar
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Abstract

Background

Apple cider vinegar (ACV) contains many health benefits due to its antioxidant and acetic acid content. However, the adverse effects of directly consuming the vinegar should be eliminated to make it possible to regulate its intake as a dietary supplement. The objective of the study is to optimize the spray drying operating conditions to produce ACV powder with health benefits. A central composite design (CCD) of response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the spray drying process of ACV. The influences of inlet temperature (130°C–170°C), gum Arabic concentration (5%–15% w/w), and feed flow rate (1–2 kg/h) on some product and process aspects were investigated. Spray-dried powders were evaluated for their moisture content, process yield, acetic acid content, solubility, and antioxidant content.

Results

The relationships between the model factors and final powder properties were established with ANOVA and multiple regression analysis. The model factors affected the investigated powder properties at different significance levels, where carrier concentration was the main influencing factor. Gum Arabic contributed to the retention of volatile and heat-sensitive compounds providing health benefits. All powders showed high solubility (>94%) and high antioxidant recovery, and most treatments achieved a drying yield of higher than 50%.

Conclusion

Optimization of spray drying process was achieved with application of RSM and relationships between model factors and powder properties were established. This study highlighted the feasibility of the development of ACV-based functional powder as a dietary supplement.

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喷雾干燥条件对苹果醋粉理化性能和功能性能的影响
苹果醋(ACV)含有许多健康益处,因为它含有抗氧化剂和乙酸。然而,应该消除直接食用醋的不利影响,以便有可能调节其作为膳食补充剂的摄入量。研究的目的是优化喷雾干燥的操作条件,以生产对健康有益的ACV粉。采用响应面法(RSM)的中心复合设计(CCD)对ACV喷雾干燥工艺进行了优化。考察了进口温度(130℃~ 170℃)、阿拉伯胶浓度(5% ~ 15% w/w)和进料流量(1 ~ 2 kg/h)对部分产品和工艺的影响。对喷雾干燥粉末的水分含量、工艺收率、乙酸含量、溶解度和抗氧化剂含量进行了评价。结果通过方差分析和多元回归分析,建立了模型因素与粉末最终性能之间的关系。模型因素对粉体性能的影响具有不同的显著性水平,其中载体浓度是主要影响因素。阿拉伯胶有助于保留挥发性和热敏性化合物,对健康有益。所有粉末具有高溶解度(>94%)和高抗氧化回收率,大多数处理的干燥收率高于50%。结论应用RSM对喷雾干燥工艺进行了优化,建立了模型因素与粉体性能之间的关系。本研究强调了acv功能性粉作为膳食补充剂开发的可行性。
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