The Japanese icefish (Salangichthys microdon) is a valuable food resource in Japan; however, its freshness rapidly diminishes during transport and cold storage. In this study, the freshness change during chilled (5°C) and super-chilled (−1 and −2°C) of S. microdon samples collected from Kasumigaura lake in October and December was assessed by observing their surface structure and determining their drip loss, K values, and free amino acid content.
Results
The results revealed that more wrinkles formed on the surface of S. microdon samples with increasing storage time. More drip loss occurred in fall than in winter. Higher K values and increased degradation of muscle proteins were observed in winter. Moreover, their free amino acid content increased with storage time at all temperatures.
Conclusion
This study suggested that seasonal differences and storage temperature should be considered in selecting the appropriate fishing, handling, and storage methods to maintain the freshness and quality of S. microdon.
{"title":"Changes in the freshness of freshwater Japanese icefish (Salangichthys microdon) during chilled and super-chilled storage","authors":"Masashi Ando, Hayato Kubo, Wen Jye Mok, Ichiro Itoh, Kensaku Imaizumi, Teruyoshi Tanaka, Takashi Fukuda","doi":"10.1002/jsf2.223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jsf2.223","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The Japanese icefish (<i>Salangichthys microdon</i>) is a valuable food resource in Japan; however, its freshness rapidly diminishes during transport and cold storage. In this study, the freshness change during chilled (5°C) and super-chilled (−1 and −2°C) of <i>S. microdon</i> samples collected from Kasumigaura lake in October and December was assessed by observing their surface structure and determining their drip loss, <i>K</i> values, and free amino acid content.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The results revealed that more wrinkles formed on the surface of <i>S. microdon</i> samples with increasing storage time. More drip loss occurred in fall than in winter. Higher <i>K</i> values and increased degradation of muscle proteins were observed in winter. Moreover, their free amino acid content increased with storage time at all temperatures.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study suggested that seasonal differences and storage temperature should be considered in selecting the appropriate fishing, handling, and storage methods to maintain the freshness and quality of <i>S. microdon</i>.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":93795,"journal":{"name":"JSFA reports","volume":"4 12","pages":"406-421"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jsf2.223","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142862341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dates are highly perishable fruits, and maintaining their quality during storage is essential for both commercial viability and consumer satisfaction. One effective strategy for preserving their nutritional and functional properties is through drying, which reduces moisture content and inhibits microbial growth while concentrating essential nutrients. This study compared the impact of three drying methods (sun drying, hot air oven drying, and cabinet drying) on the chemical, functional, and microbial properties of date flour. The flesh of two date varieties, Amber and Sukkari, was processed by washing, drying at 65°C, milling, and sieving to obtain fine flour, which was then subjected to analysis.
Results
The results revealed that fat (5.35 ± 0.07%), protein (10.50 ± 0.00%), and crude fiber (8.57 ± 0.59%) contents were higher in hot-air oven-dried amber date fruit. Moisture (12.94 ± 0.63%), ash (2.37 ± 0.03%), and vitamin C (0.024 ± 0.00 mg/100 g) contents were reported to be higher in sun-dried Sukkari date due to the slower drying process and exposure to lower drying temperatures during sun drying, which allows for minimal thermal degradation of heat-sensitive compounds like vitamin C. Oven-dried Amber date powder displayed greater water absorption (1.10 mL/g) and solubility (66.60%). In terms of microbial analysis, both hot air oven-dried Amber and Sukkari dates had the lowest total viable count (1.19 × 105 and 9.45 × 104 CFU/mL, respectively).
Conclusion
Hot air oven drying is a suitable method for drying date fruit as it results in the highest retention of protein, fiber, and ash content while also maintaining low moisture levels, reducing microbial growth, and improving shelf life.
{"title":"Effect of drying methods and variety on the chemical composition, functional, and microbial properties of date flour","authors":"Anim Ekpo Ujong BSc, Nkechi Juliet Tamuno Emelike PhD, Awajiteleyem Ofiks BSc, Helen Amarachukwu Ohanehi BSc, Blessing Akang Olumide BSc","doi":"10.1002/jsf2.221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jsf2.221","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Dates are highly perishable fruits, and maintaining their quality during storage is essential for both commercial viability and consumer satisfaction. One effective strategy for preserving their nutritional and functional properties is through drying, which reduces moisture content and inhibits microbial growth while concentrating essential nutrients. This study compared the impact of three drying methods (sun drying, hot air oven drying, and cabinet drying) on the chemical, functional, and microbial properties of date flour. The flesh of two date varieties, Amber and Sukkari, was processed by washing, drying at 65°C, milling, and sieving to obtain fine flour, which was then subjected to analysis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The results revealed that fat (5.35 ± 0.07%), protein (10.50 ± 0.00%), and crude fiber (8.57 ± 0.59%) contents were higher in hot-air oven-dried amber date fruit. Moisture (12.94 ± 0.63%), ash (2.37 ± 0.03%), and vitamin C (0.024 ± 0.00 mg/100 g) contents were reported to be higher in sun-dried Sukkari date due to the slower drying process and exposure to lower drying temperatures during sun drying, which allows for minimal thermal degradation of heat-sensitive compounds like vitamin C. Oven-dried Amber date powder displayed greater water absorption (1.10 mL/g) and solubility (66.60%). In terms of microbial analysis, both hot air oven-dried Amber and Sukkari dates had the lowest total viable count (1.19 × 10<sup>5</sup> and 9.45 × 10<sup>4</sup> CFU/mL, respectively).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Hot air oven drying is a suitable method for drying date fruit as it results in the highest retention of protein, fiber, and ash content while also maintaining low moisture levels, reducing microbial growth, and improving shelf life.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":93795,"journal":{"name":"JSFA reports","volume":"4 12","pages":"398-405"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jsf2.221","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142861934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Osteoporosis is a debilitating disease characterized by decreased bone density. In this study, we evaluated the anti-osteoporotic effect of maltobionic acid (MB), one of the components of honey, and calcium maltobionate (MBCa) on bone density and metabolism using a mouse model of osteoporosis. The underlying mechanisms of MB and MBCa action were also investigated.
Results
Ovariectomized (OVX) mice were fed diet containing MB or MBCa for 80 days, and femoral bone mineral content and mineral density (BMD) were evaluated. As expected, OVX reduced BMD; however, the administration of MB and MBCa significantly prevented this decrease. Furthermore, MB and MBCa treatment significantly reduced the serum levels of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRACP-5b), a bone resorption marker, and significantly increased the levels of serum calcitonin, compared to those in the OVX control group. In vitro, the relatively high-dose levels of MB and MBCa inhibited osteoclast differentiation by decreasing the protein expression of nuclear factor of activated T-cell cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1), the master transcription factor of osteoclastogenesis.
Conclusion
Our results showed that osteoporotic mice treated with MB and MBCa had improved bone density and bone metabolism compared to the OVX controls. Moreover, it was hypothesized herein that the suppressive effect on osteoclast differentiation slightly contributed to these results concomitantly. These findings suggest that the intake of MB or MBCa may contribute to the maintenance of bone health, including the prevention of primary osteoporosis.
{"title":"Maltobionic acid protects against ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis by suppressing bone resorption","authors":"Ayaka Nishio, Daiki Suehiro, Honami Nakamura, Yuichiro Moriwaki, Hiroshi Nakagawa, Yoko Ukai, Akio Watanabe, Takayuki Yonezawa, Je Tae Woo, Ken Fukami, Motoko Ohnishi","doi":"10.1002/jsf2.220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jsf2.220","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Osteoporosis is a debilitating disease characterized by decreased bone density. In this study, we evaluated the anti-osteoporotic effect of maltobionic acid (MB), one of the components of honey, and calcium maltobionate (MBCa) on bone density and metabolism using a mouse model of osteoporosis. The underlying mechanisms of MB and MBCa action were also investigated.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Ovariectomized (OVX) mice were fed diet containing MB or MBCa for 80 days, and femoral bone mineral content and mineral density (BMD) were evaluated. As expected, OVX reduced BMD; however, the administration of MB and MBCa significantly prevented this decrease. Furthermore, MB and MBCa treatment significantly reduced the serum levels of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRACP-5b), a bone resorption marker, and significantly increased the levels of serum calcitonin, compared to those in the OVX control group. In vitro, the relatively high-dose levels of MB and MBCa inhibited osteoclast differentiation by decreasing the protein expression of nuclear factor of activated T-cell cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1), the master transcription factor of osteoclastogenesis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our results showed that osteoporotic mice treated with MB and MBCa had improved bone density and bone metabolism compared to the OVX controls. Moreover, it was hypothesized herein that the suppressive effect on osteoclast differentiation slightly contributed to these results concomitantly. These findings suggest that the intake of MB or MBCa may contribute to the maintenance of bone health, including the prevention of primary osteoporosis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":93795,"journal":{"name":"JSFA reports","volume":"4 11","pages":"384-393"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jsf2.220","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142674261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nadia Nusrat, Md. Shaheed Reza, Muhammad Mehedi Hasan, Md. Kamal
Background
Sun drying of fish in open air is an age-old traditional practice in Asia and some other parts of the world. This study aims to suggest optimal field doses of turmeric, pepper, salt and the bacteriocin nisin (food additive, E234) for open-sun-dried silver jewfish (Johnius argentatus) under a tropical environment. Investigations were carried out on the blowfly infestation, proximate composition, water reconstitution properties and organoleptic and microbial quality of open-air-dried fish samples.
Results
A direct relationship between moisture reduction and drying period was observed with salt-treated samples demonstrating accelerated moisture reduction, reaching as low as 14.1% after 34 h. Turmeric and pepper treatments provided some protection against weight loss but ultimately extended the drying time to 38 h. Botanical pesticides like turmeric or pepper exhibited significant efficacy against blowfly adult and larval infestation with similar efficacy observed in 15% and 25% salt-treated samples. Proximate composition analysis revealed that salt-treated samples had lower moisture ranging from 14.1% to 16.0% but higher protein of 58.2%–62.1%, while the lipid and ash content did not vary significantly (p > 0.05). The water reconstitution properties of salt-treated samples exhibited superior rehydration rates, with the highest in nisin (Niseen S) + 15% salt-treated samples at 60°C, while organoleptic evaluations revealed salt-treated samples to possess favourable attributes with minimal insect infestation and broken pieces. Finally, microbial analysis demonstrated the lowest aerobic plate count in dried fish samples treated with nisin (Niseen S) alone or in combination with 15% salt and/or 3% turmeric ranging from 3.97 ± 0.20 to 4.33 ± 0.07 log cfu/g.
Conclusion
It is concluded that 200 ppm nisin (Niseen S)-treated samples in combination with 3% turmeric and/or 15% salt are a viable option for producing high-quality dried fish in traditional open-air sun-drying practices.
{"title":"Optimizing insect repellence in open sun drying of fish through the combined influence of salt, turmeric, pepper and the bacteriocin nisin under tropical conditions","authors":"Nadia Nusrat, Md. Shaheed Reza, Muhammad Mehedi Hasan, Md. Kamal","doi":"10.1002/jsf2.219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jsf2.219","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sun drying of fish in open air is an age-old traditional practice in Asia and some other parts of the world. This study aims to suggest optimal field doses of turmeric, pepper, salt and the bacteriocin nisin (food additive, E234) for open-sun-dried silver jewfish (<i>Johnius argentatus</i>) under a tropical environment. Investigations were carried out on the blowfly infestation, proximate composition, water reconstitution properties and organoleptic and microbial quality of open-air-dried fish samples.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A direct relationship between moisture reduction and drying period was observed with salt-treated samples demonstrating accelerated moisture reduction, reaching as low as 14.1% after 34 h. Turmeric and pepper treatments provided some protection against weight loss but ultimately extended the drying time to 38 h. Botanical pesticides like turmeric or pepper exhibited significant efficacy against blowfly adult and larval infestation with similar efficacy observed in 15% and 25% salt-treated samples. Proximate composition analysis revealed that salt-treated samples had lower moisture ranging from 14.1% to 16.0% but higher protein of 58.2%–62.1%, while the lipid and ash content did not vary significantly (<i>p</i> > 0.05). The water reconstitution properties of salt-treated samples exhibited superior rehydration rates, with the highest in nisin (Niseen S) + 15% salt-treated samples at 60°C, while organoleptic evaluations revealed salt-treated samples to possess favourable attributes with minimal insect infestation and broken pieces. Finally, microbial analysis demonstrated the lowest aerobic plate count in dried fish samples treated with nisin (Niseen S) alone or in combination with 15% salt and/or 3% turmeric ranging from 3.97 ± 0.20 to 4.33 ± 0.07 log cfu/g.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>It is concluded that 200 ppm nisin (Niseen S)-treated samples in combination with 3% turmeric and/or 15% salt are a viable option for producing high-quality dried fish in traditional open-air sun-drying practices.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":93795,"journal":{"name":"JSFA reports","volume":"4 10","pages":"370-380"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jsf2.219","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142447809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Liisa Keto, Katariina Manni, Anne Tuomivaara, Päivi Soppela, Arto Huuskonen
Background
Finnish beef production is largely based on dairy breeds. Eastern Finncattle, Western Finncattle, and Northern Finncattle (NFC) are native breeds, whereas Holstein (HO) and Nordic Red are the most important commercial dairy breeds. The NFC has been the closest to extinction among Finnish native cattle breeds. The objective of the experiment was to provide data on meat quality of NFC compared to HO. To our knowledge no previously published scientific data about the meat quality traits of NFC is available.
Results
The targeted slaughter age was 600 days for both NFC and HO. The carcass gain of the HO steers was 60% higher compared to NFC steers. No breed differences in dressing proportion, carcass conformation, or carcass fat score were observed. Breed had no effect on the pH, color, drip loss, chemical composition, shear force value, or sensory tenderness of the longissimus lumborum muscle. However, beef flavor of the NFC steers was evaluated 7% better compared to the HO steers. In addition, the longissimus lumborum muscle of the NFC steers tended to be juicier than that of the HO steers.
Conclusions
Only little variability in meat quality traits was observed between the breeds. However, NFC requires a longer growing period than HO when targeting the same carcass weight. To promote the use of the NFC in beef production, it is necessary to find other than economic production efficiency features, which would provide added value for premium meat quality to compensate the lower production efficiency.
背景 芬兰的牛肉生产主要以奶牛品种为基础。东部芬卡牛、西部芬卡牛和北部芬卡牛（NFC）是本土品种，而荷斯坦牛（HO）和北欧红牛则是最重要的商业奶牛品种。在芬兰本土牛种中，NFC最接近灭绝。实验的目的是提供 NFC 与荷斯坦牛相比的肉质数据。据我们所知，目前还没有关于 NFC 肉质特征的科学数据。 结果 NFC 和 HO 的目标屠宰日龄均为 600 天。与 NFC 牛相比，HO 牛的胴体增重高出 60%。在拌料比例、胴体构型或胴体脂肪评分方面没有观察到品种差异。牛种对腰长肌的 pH 值、颜色、滴水损失、化学成分、剪切力值或感觉柔软度没有影响。然而，NFC 牛的牛肉风味比 HO 牛好 7%。此外，NFC 牛的腰长肌往往比 HO 牛的腰长肌更加多汁。 结论 在不同品种之间，肉质性状的差异很小。然而，在胴体重量相同的情况下，NFC 比 HO 需要更长的生长期。为了在牛肉生产中推广使用 NFC，有必要找到除经济生产效率以外的其他特征，以提供优质肉质的附加值来弥补较低的生产效率。
{"title":"Growth performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality of Northern Finncattle steers compared to Holstein steers offered grass silage-grain-based ration","authors":"Liisa Keto, Katariina Manni, Anne Tuomivaara, Päivi Soppela, Arto Huuskonen","doi":"10.1002/jsf2.218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jsf2.218","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Finnish beef production is largely based on dairy breeds. Eastern Finncattle, Western Finncattle, and Northern Finncattle (NFC) are native breeds, whereas Holstein (HO) and Nordic Red are the most important commercial dairy breeds. The NFC has been the closest to extinction among Finnish native cattle breeds. The objective of the experiment was to provide data on meat quality of NFC compared to HO. To our knowledge no previously published scientific data about the meat quality traits of NFC is available.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The targeted slaughter age was 600 days for both NFC and HO. The carcass gain of the HO steers was 60% higher compared to NFC steers. No breed differences in dressing proportion, carcass conformation, or carcass fat score were observed. Breed had no effect on the pH, color, drip loss, chemical composition, shear force value, or sensory tenderness of the <i>longissimus lumborum</i> muscle. However, beef flavor of the NFC steers was evaluated 7% better compared to the HO steers. In addition, the <i>longissimus lumborum</i> muscle of the NFC steers tended to be juicier than that of the HO steers.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Only little variability in meat quality traits was observed between the breeds. However, NFC requires a longer growing period than HO when targeting the same carcass weight. To promote the use of the NFC in beef production, it is necessary to find other than economic production efficiency features, which would provide added value for premium meat quality to compensate the lower production efficiency.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":93795,"journal":{"name":"JSFA reports","volume":"4 10","pages":"362-369"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jsf2.218","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142447547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Md Sayemul Islam, Hasneen Jahan, Nishat Sultana Ema, Md. Rubel Ahmed
Background
In the face of rising global food demand, climate change, and economic uncertainties, crop diversification has emerged as a crucial tool for achieving both economic and environmental sustainability. In Bangladesh, where the economy heavily relies on agriculture, crop diversification can play a vital role in enhancing farmers' livelihoods and domestic food production.
Results
This study focuses on Rangpur district, an agricultural hub in Bangladesh, analyzing data from 122 farmers to assess the status, determinants, and effects of crop diversification. The Simpson Diversification Index (SDI) analysis revealed that 29% and 68% of the farmers exhibit very high and high degrees of crop diversification, respectively. The Tobit model identified significant drivers of crop diversification, including education, household size, farming experience, non-farm income, mobile phone information access, experience with climatic shocks, and land type. Additionally, the Log-Linear model indicated that each unit increase in the SDI score corresponds to a 2.41% increase in farmers' income.
Conclusion
The study demonstrates that crop diversification is a key strategy for enhancing economic sustainability and increasing income among farmers in Bangladesh. By improving both economic outcomes and resilience, crop diversification supports sustainable agricultural practices in the region.
{"title":"Determinants of crop diversification and its impact on farmers' income: A case study in Rangpur District, Bangladesh","authors":"Md Sayemul Islam, Hasneen Jahan, Nishat Sultana Ema, Md. Rubel Ahmed","doi":"10.1002/jsf2.216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jsf2.216","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In the face of rising global food demand, climate change, and economic uncertainties, crop diversification has emerged as a crucial tool for achieving both economic and environmental sustainability. In Bangladesh, where the economy heavily relies on agriculture, crop diversification can play a vital role in enhancing farmers' livelihoods and domestic food production.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study focuses on Rangpur district, an agricultural hub in Bangladesh, analyzing data from 122 farmers to assess the status, determinants, and effects of crop diversification. The Simpson Diversification Index (SDI) analysis revealed that 29% and 68% of the farmers exhibit very high and high degrees of crop diversification, respectively. The Tobit model identified significant drivers of crop diversification, including education, household size, farming experience, non-farm income, mobile phone information access, experience with climatic shocks, and land type. Additionally, the Log-Linear model indicated that each unit increase in the SDI score corresponds to a 2.41% increase in farmers' income.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study demonstrates that crop diversification is a key strategy for enhancing economic sustainability and increasing income among farmers in Bangladesh. By improving both economic outcomes and resilience, crop diversification supports sustainable agricultural practices in the region.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":93795,"journal":{"name":"JSFA reports","volume":"4 10","pages":"352-361"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jsf2.216","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142447619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Unbalanced gut microbiota is considered to cause dysfunction of the gut barrier function. Lactobacillus johnsonii MG, isolated from mouse feces as gut associating lactobacilli, enhanced gut barrier function in Caco-2 cells via interaction with JAM-2 in tight junctions. In this study, the anti-inflammatory effects of L. johnsonii MG were investigated in a colitis mouse model developed by treating mice with 3% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) for 9 days.
Results
MG treatment of colitis mice resulted in fast recovery of the body weight and showed significant improvement in the disease activity index and histopathological scores. The histomorphological score increased by DSS treatment was significantly improved in the MG-treated group. In the intestine, the expression of Ocln, Zo1, Itga6, Lama3, and Jam2 genes, which are involved in tight junction functions, were significantly upregulated in MG-treated colitis mice. In the microflora analysis, the abundance of Ruminococcaceae, Bacteroides, and Lachnospiraceae were reduced in DSS-treated mice and recovered by MG treatment.
Conclusion
We reported the potential of L. johnsonii MG in the regeneration of crypts and integrity of matrix proteins in the gut of mice with colitis through its association with tight junctions. The experimental results provide new insights into the probiotic effect of tight junction associating L. johnsonii MG.
{"title":"Lactobacillus johnsonii colonizing in mice intestine contributes to control the gut barrier function via regeneration of the crypt in DSS-treated mice","authors":"Yuying Bai, Mengying Lyu, Takashi Satoh, Kanami Orihara, Kazuhiko Miyanaga, Takahiro Adachi, Naoyuki Yamamoto","doi":"10.1002/jsf2.217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jsf2.217","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Unbalanced gut microbiota is considered to cause dysfunction of the gut barrier function. <i>Lactobacillus johnsonii</i> MG, isolated from mouse feces as gut associating lactobacilli, enhanced gut barrier function in Caco-2 cells via interaction with JAM-2 in tight junctions. In this study, the anti-inflammatory effects of <i>L. johnsonii</i> MG were investigated in a colitis mouse model developed by treating mice with 3% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) for 9 days.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>MG treatment of colitis mice resulted in fast recovery of the body weight and showed significant improvement in the disease activity index and histopathological scores. The histomorphological score increased by DSS treatment was significantly improved in the MG-treated group. In the intestine, the expression of <i>Ocln, Zo1, Itga6, Lama3</i>, and <i>Jam2</i> genes, which are involved in tight junction functions, were significantly upregulated in MG-treated colitis mice. In the microflora analysis, the abundance of <i>Ruminococcaceae, Bacteroides</i>, and <i>Lachnospiraceae</i> were reduced in DSS-treated mice and recovered by MG treatment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We reported the potential of <i>L. johnsonii</i> MG in the regeneration of crypts and integrity of matrix proteins in the gut of mice with colitis through its association with tight junctions. The experimental results provide new insights into the probiotic effect of tight junction associating <i>L. johnsonii</i> MG.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":93795,"journal":{"name":"JSFA reports","volume":"4 9","pages":"336-347"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jsf2.217","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142316866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Natalia S. Fanelli, Juliana C. F. R. Martins, Hans H. Stein
Background
The “Digestible Indispensable Amino Acid Score” (DIAAS) method measures protein quality in human foods. Animal-based products generally have high protein quality, but DIAAS values for some pork products are not available. Therefore, the objective of this experiment was to determine standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AA) and DIAAS values for pork products, including three types of pork cuts, Italian hams, and sausages, and to test the hypothesis that all pork products have DIAAS equal to or greater than 100.
Results
The mean SID of the indispensable AA in all pork products was above 90% and indicated excellent digestibility. For children from 6 months to 3 years old and individuals older than 3 years, prosciutto had greater (p < 0.05) DIAAS than all other pork products. Tenderloin and Coppa had greater (p < 0.05) DIAAS than back ribs, shoulder butt, chorizo, and bratwurst. There were no limiting AA in any of the pork products (DIAAS >100) with the exception that sulfur AA (SAA: methionine + cysteine) were limiting in chorizo for children from 6 months to 3 years old (DIAAS = 99).
Conclusion
With the exception of chorizo for children less than 3 years old, all pork products have “excellent” protein quality for individuals older than 6 months of age, with DIAAS greater than 100. Pork proteins can, therefore, complement proteins with low quality to produce a meal that is adequate in all AA.
{"title":"Pork cuts, hams, and sausages have digestible indispensable amino acid scores (DIAAS) close to or over 100","authors":"Natalia S. Fanelli, Juliana C. F. R. Martins, Hans H. Stein","doi":"10.1002/jsf2.215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jsf2.215","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The “Digestible Indispensable Amino Acid Score” (DIAAS) method measures protein quality in human foods. Animal-based products generally have high protein quality, but DIAAS values for some pork products are not available. Therefore, the objective of this experiment was to determine standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AA) and DIAAS values for pork products, including three types of pork cuts, Italian hams, and sausages, and to test the hypothesis that all pork products have DIAAS equal to or greater than 100.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The mean SID of the indispensable AA in all pork products was above 90% and indicated excellent digestibility. For children from 6 months to 3 years old and individuals older than 3 years, prosciutto had greater (<i>p</i> < 0.05) DIAAS than all other pork products. Tenderloin and Coppa had greater (<i>p</i> < 0.05) DIAAS than back ribs, shoulder butt, chorizo, and bratwurst. There were no limiting AA in any of the pork products (DIAAS >100) with the exception that sulfur AA (SAA: methionine + cysteine) were limiting in chorizo for children from 6 months to 3 years old (DIAAS = 99).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>With the exception of chorizo for children less than 3 years old, all pork products have “excellent” protein quality for individuals older than 6 months of age, with DIAAS greater than 100. Pork proteins can, therefore, complement proteins with low quality to produce a meal that is adequate in all AA.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":93795,"journal":{"name":"JSFA reports","volume":"4 9","pages":"326-335"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jsf2.215","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142316966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Q. Lardy, M. Ramin, M. Hetta, G. H. M. Jørgensen, V. Lind
Background
The Norwegian sheep farming system relies on forages, such as grass silage during winter and grazing cultivated leys and rangeland pastures during summer. Sheep and other ruminants produce enteric methane (CH4), a greenhouse gas of interest, and there is a need for reliable data on gas emissions from sheep capturing both the indoor feeding period and the grazing season. This study utilized an in vitro gas technique (with standard cow rumen fluid) and modeling approach to estimate CH4 production and fermentation patterns based on two different qualities of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) pasture under sheep grazing.
Results
Herbage quality was examined for two 10-day periods, in July and August. Differences in chemical composition of the herbage during these periods had an impact on herbage digestibility and CH4 production. Total gas production and CH4 levels were significantly higher for lower quality herbage grazed in July than for higher quality herbage grazed in August (p < 0.005). Production of volatile fatty acids in the rumen remained constant between the two periods, but the higher acetate to propionate (A/P) ratio correlated with the higher CH4 production.
Conclusion
These findings suggest that pasture quality is an important factor to consider when implementing grazing strategies to reduce enteric CH4 production in sheep.
{"title":"Predicted methane production from Italian ryegrass pastures with contrasting chemical composition under sheep grazing in Northern Norway","authors":"Q. Lardy, M. Ramin, M. Hetta, G. H. M. Jørgensen, V. Lind","doi":"10.1002/jsf2.213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jsf2.213","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The Norwegian sheep farming system relies on forages, such as grass silage during winter and grazing cultivated leys and rangeland pastures during summer. Sheep and other ruminants produce enteric methane (CH<sub>4</sub>), a greenhouse gas of interest, and there is a need for reliable data on gas emissions from sheep capturing both the indoor feeding period and the grazing season. This study utilized an in vitro gas technique (with standard cow rumen fluid) and modeling approach to estimate CH<sub>4</sub> production and fermentation patterns based on two different qualities of Italian ryegrass (<i>Lolium multiflorum</i>) pasture under sheep grazing.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Herbage quality was examined for two 10-day periods, in July and August. Differences in chemical composition of the herbage during these periods had an impact on herbage digestibility and CH<sub>4</sub> production. Total gas production and CH<sub>4</sub> levels were significantly higher for lower quality herbage grazed in July than for higher quality herbage grazed in August (<i>p</i> < 0.005). Production of volatile fatty acids in the rumen remained constant between the two periods, but the higher acetate to propionate (A/P) ratio correlated with the higher CH<sub>4</sub> production.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These findings suggest that pasture quality is an important factor to consider when implementing grazing strategies to reduce enteric CH<sub>4</sub> production in sheep.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":93795,"journal":{"name":"JSFA reports","volume":"4 8","pages":"316-322"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jsf2.213","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142100010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Andrew Chiahalam Apeh, Chikamso Christian Apeh, Sunday Ifeanyi Ukwuaba, Ikechi Kelechi Agbugba, Helen Onyeaka
Background
Farmers in Nigeria are using agrochemicals inappropriately which pose health and environmental risks. The current research aims at establishing the socio-economic pressure factors behind these practices and also assesses the effectiveness of measures into reducing the risky use of agrochemicals. Data were collected from 840 participants comprising farmers and agrochemical marketers using a multistage sampling technique across six states in Nigeria. Descriptive statistics and detailed case studies were employed to explore socio-economic antecedents of agrochemical application.
Results
Findings of this study showed that market demands, costs, and unavailability of safer compounds put the farmers in a dilemma regarding proper usage of agrochemicals. Among the farmers in Esanland, 96% of them applied agrochemicals in their farming activities without first following the best practices, and the reason was that 61% of them mentioned that they were compelled to use it due to market demands. Likewise in Fadan Daji, 65% farmers revealed that high cost and no training were the causes of their improper use of agrochemicals. This study also established that factors that hindered the prevention of these practices including financial constraints, lack of adequate education and training, and weak enforcement of regulations.
Conclusion
This study suggested that to encourage proper utilization of agrochemicals, extended emphasis needs to be placed on addressing the socio-economic factors. Hence, the study recommended the following measures: incentives to facilitate the use of sustainable practices by encouraging financial rewards, extensive education, and training on the benefits of sustainable practices as well as new legislation to reduce supply of reckless agrochemicals.
{"title":"Exploring data sources and farmers' perceptions regarding agrochemical use and food safety in Nigeria","authors":"Andrew Chiahalam Apeh, Chikamso Christian Apeh, Sunday Ifeanyi Ukwuaba, Ikechi Kelechi Agbugba, Helen Onyeaka","doi":"10.1002/jsf2.212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jsf2.212","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Farmers in Nigeria are using agrochemicals inappropriately which pose health and environmental risks. The current research aims at establishing the socio-economic pressure factors behind these practices and also assesses the effectiveness of measures into reducing the risky use of agrochemicals. Data were collected from 840 participants comprising farmers and agrochemical marketers using a multistage sampling technique across six states in Nigeria. Descriptive statistics and detailed case studies were employed to explore socio-economic antecedents of agrochemical application.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Findings of this study showed that market demands, costs, and unavailability of safer compounds put the farmers in a dilemma regarding proper usage of agrochemicals. Among the farmers in Esanland, 96% of them applied agrochemicals in their farming activities without first following the best practices, and the reason was that 61% of them mentioned that they were compelled to use it due to market demands. Likewise in Fadan Daji, 65% farmers revealed that high cost and no training were the causes of their improper use of agrochemicals. This study also established that factors that hindered the prevention of these practices including financial constraints, lack of adequate education and training, and weak enforcement of regulations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study suggested that to encourage proper utilization of agrochemicals, extended emphasis needs to be placed on addressing the socio-economic factors. Hence, the study recommended the following measures: incentives to facilitate the use of sustainable practices by encouraging financial rewards, extensive education, and training on the benefits of sustainable practices as well as new legislation to reduce supply of reckless agrochemicals.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":93795,"journal":{"name":"JSFA reports","volume":"4 8","pages":"304-315"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jsf2.212","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142100114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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