Understanding Eating Disorders in Children and Adolescent Population

Abstract

Eating disorders (EDs) are increasingly recognized in children and adolescents. Anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN) are less common in children and adolescents than adults, but both disorders can occur in this age group. Binge-eating disorder (BED) is the most common ED in children and adolescents and is more prevalent in females than males. EDs may present differently in children and adolescents than in adults, and parents or caregivers may be the first to notice changes in eating patterns or body weight. Diagnostic criteria for EDs in children and adolescents include disturbances in eating behavior, weight or shape concerns, and significant distress or impairment in social, academic, or occupational functioning. Multidisciplinary approaches are recommended for treating EDs in children and adolescents, including medical management, nutritional counseling, and psychological interventions. Evidence-based treatments for AN and BN include family-based therapy, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and interpersonal psychotherapy. Cognitive-behavioral therapy and interpersonal psychotherapy are recommended for children and adolescents with BED. Hospitalization may be necessary in severe cases. Early identification and intervention are crucial for improving treatment outcomes and reducing the risk of long-term complications. Treatment approaches should be tailored to developmental and cultural needs and involve a multidisciplinary team. Continued research is needed to improve early detection, prevention strategies, and treatments for this vulnerable population. EDs in children and adolescents are a significant public health concern that can have serious physical and psychological consequences. It is important for healthcare providers and caregivers to be aware of the signs and symptoms of EDs in young people and to seek prompt and appropriate treatment