Resilience, Psychological Stress, Physical Activity, and BMI among United States Air National Guardsmen: The COVID-19 Pandemic

Abstract

Background Military service members carry the responsibility to maintain physical and psychological readiness. As such, it is critical for researchers to begin unravelling the widespread impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on service member’s mental and physical wellbeing. The aim of this research was to investigate the complex relationships between BMI, physical activity, psychological stress and resilience among United States Air National Guardsmen (USANG), specifically during the pandemic. Methods An online survey was distributed to USANG members. The survey included measures of resilience (CD-RISC-25), perceived psychological stress (PSS), perceived psychological stress brought on by COVID-19 (COVID-19 PSL), current levels of physical activity (IPAQ-SF), perceived impact on physical activity brought on by COVID-19 (COVID-19 PAL), and BMI. Pearson’s correlation coefficients (r) were used to assess correlation significance (α ≤ 0.05), direction, and magnitude. Results A total of 110 responses met inclusion criteria for data interpretation. A majority reported a decline in physical activity 54.5%, while 60% reported an increase in psychological stress. According to BMI classifications, 60.9% were considered overweight or obese. Seven meaningful (effect size ≥ |2.0|) and statistically significant salient associations were identified resilience-PSS r = -0.38; resilience-COVID-19 PAL r = 0.21; PSS-COVID-19 PSL r = 0.35; PSS-COVID-19 PAL r = -0.23; COVID-19 PSL COVID-19 PAL r = -0.24; IPAQ-SF-BMI r = -0.23; BMI-Covid-19 PAL r = -0.32. Conclusion Key outcomes suggest resilience is inversely associated with assessed and perceived stress, resilience may influence health-related behaviour which subsequently might aid as a protective factor against psychological stress. Knowledge regarding the relationships between the aforementioned variables may help inform decisions by military leadership regarding future lockdowns.