Peculiarities of calcium-phosphorus homeostasis of the oral fluid in young patients with primary hypothyroidism, having generalized periodontitis

Abstract

The problem of hormonal imbalance in periodontal diseases, as well as the importance of endocrine diseases in its development, plays a significant role. In the professional literature there are data that thyroid disease is a risk factor for the occurrence and further progression of periodontal diseases. The processes of bone modeling and remodeling and its mineralization are closely related to calcium metabolism. The biochemical manifestation of osteoporotic processes in the alveolar bone in generalized periodontitis is a violation of calcium-phosphorus homeostasis against the background of altered markers of bone metabolism. The aim of our investigation was to study the calcium-phosphorus homeostasis of the oral fluid in patients with primary hypothyroidism and persons without endocrine pathology, with generalized periodontitis. Since in the structure of periodontal diseases in the study groups generalized periodontitis of the initial-I and II degree had the largest percentage, biochemical studies were performed in this sample of patients. The first group included 50 people with generalized periodontitis against the background of primary hypothyroidism: 25 patients – with generalized periodontitis of the initial-I degree and 25 patients with generalized periodontitis of the II degree of development. The second group included 50 patients with generalized periodontitis without endocrinological pathology (25 patients with GP of the initial-I degree and 25 patients with GP of the II degree of development). In young people with generalized periodontitis, against the background of hypothyroidism, there were observed negative changes in calcium-phosphorus homeostasis of the oral fluid: there was a tendency to the decrease of calcium content in the oral fluid with the development of inflammatory-dystrophic process in the periodontium, on the contrary, phosphorus level has increased. Negative dynamics of calcium-phosphorus molar coefficient was found in patients with hypofunction of the thyroid gland. Thus, the analysis of research results shows that in young people with periodontal diseases and hypothyroidism there is a pathological change in metabolic processes, increased excretion of mineral components, especially calcium. Periodontal pathology against the background of hypothyroidism is characterized by the development of a chronic inflammatory process together with a pronounced decrease in calcium-phosphorus homeostasis of the oral fluid.