State and Smuggling in Modern China: The Case of Guangzhouwan/Zhanjiang

Steven Pieragastini
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引用次数: 1

Abstract

ABSTRACT:The Leizhou Peninsula in western Guangdong (concurrent with the present-day municipality of Zhanjiang) has at several points in history been an important site of exchange, both licit and illicit in the eyes of central authorities. The French gained control of the area from the weakened Qing government in 1898–1899 and established their "leased territory" of Guangzhouwan. Administered as part of French Indochina, Guangzhouwan became a fiefdom of smugglers, pimps, and pirates, never developing into the rival to Hong Kong that the French hoped it would become. After a brief Japanese occupation, the French returned the leased territory to the government of Chiang Kai-shek (Jiang Jieshi) after World War II, but their colonial presence left a legacy of trafficking, violence, and anti-imperialism that emboldened Communist guerrillas in the area. Once the Communists came into power in 1949, they subjected Zhanjiang and other liminal spaces along the Chinese coast to vigorous anti-smuggling and anti-drug campaigns. But a return to smuggling in the Reform Era (1978–present) suggests that the successful repression of smuggling in the Mao era may have been a temporary exception to the historical rule in this region.
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近代中国的国家与走私——以湛江广州湾为例
摘要:广东西部的雷州半岛(与今天的湛江市同时)在历史上多次成为中央政府眼中的重要交换场所,无论是合法的还是非法的。1898年至1899年,法国人从被削弱的清政府手中获得了对该地区的控制,并建立了他们的“租界”广州湾。在日本短暂占领后,法国在二战后将租界归还给蒋介石政府,但他们的殖民统治留下了走私、暴力和反帝国主义的遗产,使该地区的共产党游击队更加大胆。1949年共产党掌权后,他们对湛江和中国沿海其他有限的地区进行了严厉的反走私和禁毒运动。但改革时代(1978年至今)走私活动的回归表明,毛时代对走私的成功镇压可能是该地区历史规律的暂时例外。
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