Authentication and Integrity of E-documents based on Zero-Watermarking Method

Abstract

During the last period, due increase the use of e-government applications and the health conditions that occurred as a result of the spread of the Corona virus, the using of e-documents has become increasingly common. Therefore, there was an urgent need to ensure the authenticity of the source and integrity of the e-documents and that they are free from forgery and manipulation. In this paper, the zero-watermarking method has been proposed in order to achieve the authentication and integrity of e-documents and to determine the regions which tampered. The main idea is based on segment the e-documents into small square areas with 8×8 and then generate the watermark information by computing the eigenvalues and eigenvectors. The generated watermark is insert into the e-documents with a specific relationship among regions. The experimental results prove the efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed method in detecting areas that have been tampered by various types of attacks. In addition, a high level of quality for e-documents watermarked was obtained.