Mapping ideal ways of living: Virtue and vice lists in 1QS and 4Q286

Elisa Uusimäki
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引用次数: 1

Abstract

This article analyses virtue and vice lists in ancient Hebrew literature, specifically focusing on those found in 1QS and 4Q286. It is argued that these texts from Qumran offer distinctive evidence for extended lists of virtues and vices. Apart from illustrating ideals of the yaḥad movement, the sources invite us to consider what counted as ethical to ancient Jews and whether the texts indicate any attempt to organize ethical concerns. The authors lacked a meta-category denoting “virtue” (cf. ἀρετή in Greek or virtus in Latin), but they discussed a myriad of specific virtues and vices by way of listing and grouping (un)desirable qualities that can be characterized as moral, intellectual, and ritual. It is also likely that the authors regarded the qualities of wisdom and truth as elevated “master virtues” of some kind. The article ends with reflections on the types of ethics attested in 1QS and 4Q286. Drawing on anthropological research, the texts are argued to primarily promote what could be called “ethics of divinity.”
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描绘理想的生活方式:1QS和4Q286的美德和恶习清单
本文分析了古希伯来文学中的美德和邪恶清单,特别关注于1QS和4Q286中发现的美德和邪恶清单。有人认为,这些来自昆兰的文本为美德和恶习的扩展列表提供了独特的证据。除了说明yaḥad运动的理想之外,资料来源还邀请我们考虑什么是古代犹太人的伦理,以及这些文本是否表明了任何组织伦理关注的企图。作者缺乏一个表示“美德”的元范畴(参见希腊语的ρετή或拉丁语的virtus),但他们通过列出和分组(不可取的)品质来讨论了无数具体的美德和恶习,这些品质可以被描述为道德的、智力的和仪式的。也有可能是作者把智慧和真理的品质视为某种提升的“大师美德”。文章最后对1QS和4Q286所证明的伦理类型进行了反思。根据人类学研究,这些文本被认为主要是为了促进所谓的“神性伦理”。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
0.40
自引率
33.30%
发文量
13
期刊介绍: The last twenty years have witnessed some remarkable achievements in the study of early Jewish literature. Given the ever-increasing number and availability of primary sources for these writings, specialists have been producing text-critical, historical, social scientific, and theological studies which, in turn, have fuelled a growing interest among scholars, students, religious leaders, and the wider public. The only English journal of its kind, Journal for the Study of the Pseudepigrapha was founded in 1987 to provide a much-needed forum for scholars to discuss and review most recent developments in this burgeoning field in the academy.
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