The American securitization of China and Russia: U.S. geopolitical culture and declining unipolarity

IF 1.7 2区 经济学 Q1 AREA STUDIES Eurasian Geography and Economics Pub Date : 2020-03-03 DOI:10.1080/15387216.2019.1702566
Thomas Ambrosio, Carson Schram, Preston Heopfner
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引用次数: 7

Abstract

ABSTRACT Policymakers define threats through the development and presentation of threat narratives, which seek to shape, promote, and limit policy agendas and debate through public discourse. Since 2015, American officials engaged in a securitization process which depicts great power competition, in the form of a rising and aggressive Eurasian alignment of China and Russia, as an existential threat to both America’s geopolitical position in the international system and the liberal-democratic world order. This led to the articulation of an international threat environment under threat from revisionist powers and a revival of Cold War-era rhetoric about both a democracy-autocracy binary and spheres of influence. Utilizing an original dataset which codes the content and evolution of these threat narratives, it seeks to answer the following questions: How is this securitization process reflective of American geopolitical culture? How does the U.S. believe that this challenge arose? How does Washington see its role in this process? It finds that the perceived intentions of these countries, fueled by their respective political cultures, were the crucial factors for precipitating this process, rather than their growing capabilities. It also identifies four ways in which this process reflects underlying fears found in American geopolitical culture under declining unipolarity.
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美国对中国和俄罗斯的证券化:美国地缘政治文化与单极衰落
摘要政策制定者通过制定和呈现威胁叙事来定义威胁,这些叙事试图通过公共话语来塑造、促进和限制政策议程和辩论。自2015年以来,美国官员参与了一个证券化过程,该过程将大国竞争描述为对美国在国际体系中的地缘政治地位和自由民主世界秩序的生存威胁,表现为中国和俄罗斯在欧亚大陆的崛起和侵略。这导致了修正主义大国威胁下的国际威胁环境的清晰化,以及冷战时期关于民主专制二元和势力范围的言论的复兴。利用一个对这些威胁叙事的内容和演变进行编码的原始数据集,它试图回答以下问题:这种证券化过程如何反映美国地缘政治文化?美国认为这一挑战是如何产生的?华盛顿如何看待自己在这一进程中的作用?研究发现,这些国家在各自政治文化的推动下,感知到的意图是促成这一进程的关键因素,而不是它们不断增长的能力。它还确定了四种方式,在这些方式中,这一过程反映了在日益衰落的单极性下,美国地缘政治文化中存在的潜在恐惧。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
11.30
自引率
2.60%
发文量
85
期刊介绍: Eurasian Geography and Economics, a bimonthly affiliated with the Kennan Institute for Advanced Russian Studies and the American Association for the Advancement of Slavic Studies , will publish timely, original papers in geography and economics covering all states of the former USSR as well as Asiatic and European countries on or beyond their present borders within the Eurasian realm , with a particular emphasis on China .
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