Optimal design of SMA linear actuation unlocking mechanism for CubeSat

Abstract

In order to realize the reliable unlocking of solar arrays of a CubeSat under the strict constraints of space and power dissipation, a shape memory alloy(SMA) wire linear actuation unlocking mechanism is developed. Through using a spring-SMA structure, relying on the spring force locking, heating the SMA wire and producing a recovery stress drive pin movement, the solar arrays are unlocked. The mathematical model of the unlocking mechanism is established, and the relationship among stroke, unlocking time, power, alloy wire diameter and working voltage of the SMA unlocking mechanism is obtained through simulation. In order to optimize its overall unlocking time and power, the particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to optimize the diameter and working voltage of the alloy wire. The simulation results show that the SMA unlocking mechanism with the wire whose diameter is 0.5 mm has the best working performance when the driving voltage is 1.2 V. Finally, the experimental study of the design results shows that the unlocking time of the actuation unlocking mechanism is 3.2 s, its power is 3.55 W and that its pin-pulling stroke is 1.8 mm, being consistent with the simulation results. The unlocking mechanism has a high reliability, consistent working performance and good adaptability, therefore having passed various environmental tests and being successfully applied to a CubeSat in orbit.