The problems of brucellosis of small ruminants in Dagestan Republic and its solutions

Abstract

Brucellosis continues to remain an acute problem of veterinary and medicine, causing enormous damage for the national economy and posing a serious danger for the population. The disease is widespread in countries of all continents, where the infection occurs mainly in cattle (cattle), sheep, goats, as well as in wild pigs, bison, elk, and hares. In many constituent entities of the Russian Federation, in particular in the Caspian region, the results of the fight against brucellosis in animals remain unsatisfactory, the incidence of people remains on a high level, which is associated with the insufficient effectiveness of the anti-brucellosis measures, in particular, the diagnosis of this disease. According to many researchers, the serological tests used in practice make it possible to identify no more than 70% of infected sheep, which makes it difficult to eradicate brucellosis infection disease in herds of small ruminants. For this purpose, 423 heads of small ruminants were examined on brucellosis by various serological tests (IHAT, SAT, CFT, RBT). The experience has shown the advantage of IHAT using the developed antigen in comparison with other methods. At the same time, in comparison with these reactions, IHAT additionally revealed to SAT - 64 (15.1%), CFT - 28 (6.6%), RBT - 35 (8.3%) positively reacting sheep. One of the most pressing issues associated with brucellosis is the possibility of contracting a person with this disease and its consequences. The analysis of the epizootic situation showed that in recent years in Dagestan Republic, a difficult situation has developed on this zooanthroponosis. The epidemiological situation is also alarming. In recent years, there has been a significant increase of the number of sick people from 110 in 2016 to 202 2019. Despite the ongoing preventive and anti-brucellosis measures, no significant improvement has been achieved over the past 5 years. It is not possible to predict its improvement without making adjustments in regulatory documents and introducing of the most effective diagnostic methods.