Spatial evaluation of groundwater quality using factor analysis and geostatistical Kriging algorithm: a case study of Ibadan Metropolis, Nigeria

IF 1.6 Q3 WATER RESOURCES Water Practice and Technology Pub Date : 2023-02-22 DOI:10.2166/wpt.2023.023
E. Thomas
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引用次数: 3

Abstract

Necessity calls for the environmental aspects of groundwater to be evaluated and properly managed based on the observed spatial distribution with respect to quality, as it contributes to a significant portion of average water usage globally. Variations in groundwater quality in the Ibadan Metropolis might be a result of physical and chemical trends in the region leading to a decline in quality. The study was geared towards the spatial evaluation of groundwater quality using factor analysis and the Kriging algorithm. The parameters examined include pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, carbonates, chloride, nitrate, sulphate, calcium, sodium, magnesium, and potassium, which were sampled and analysed from the existing municipal deep wells in the Ibadan Metropolitan area; and distribution maps of each parameter were created using a geostatistical approach. Factor analysis examined the relationship between human activities and concentration levels. Semi-variograms were tested to ascertain the best-fitted model accuracy measures, average standard error, root mean square error, and root mean square error standardised. The groundwater index was calculated to ascertain the drinkability of the water in the study area. Overall, the result shows that the groundwater in the study area is suitable for consumption; drinking, and other uses. Kriging is a suitable assessment tool for modelling environmental parameters.
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基于因子分析和地质统计Kriging算法的地下水质量空间评价——以尼日利亚伊巴丹市为例
必要性要求根据观察到的水质空间分布对地下水的环境方面进行评估和适当管理,因为地下水在全球平均用水量中占很大一部分。伊巴丹大都会地下水水质的变化可能是该地区物理和化学趋势导致水质下降的结果。该研究旨在利用因子分析和克里格算法对地下水质量进行空间评价。检查的参数包括pH、电导率、总溶解固体、碳酸盐、氯化物、硝酸盐、硫酸盐、钙、钠、镁和钾,这些参数是从伊巴丹都市区现有的市政深井中取样和分析的;并且使用地质统计学方法创建每个参数的分布图。因子分析检验了人类活动与注意力水平之间的关系。对半变差函数进行测试,以确定最佳拟合的模型精度测量、平均标准误差、均方根误差和标准化的均方根误差。计算地下水指数以确定研究区域内的水的可饮用性。总体而言,研究结果表明,研究区地下水适宜消耗;饮酒和其他用途。克里格法是一种适用于环境参数建模的评估工具。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
2.30
自引率
6.20%
发文量
136
审稿时长
14 weeks
期刊最新文献
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