Abstract High-temporal resolution rainfall is a prerequisite for flood risk-related studies. Recently, satellite precipitation products (SPPs) have gained some attention in the hydro-meteorology field, but the application of these products for hydrological studies is still uncertain. This study discusses the methodology for temporal disaggregation of daily rain gauge (DRG) data using SPP for improved accuracy in hydrologic simulation. The objectives of this research article are (i) to temporally dis-aggregate the DRG data using 3-h SPP TRMM_3B42RT; (ii) to suggest the best approach in terms of hydrologic simulation capabilities using the compound factor (CF) technique. The hydrologic simulation in HEC-HMS was performed for various temporally disaggregated rain gauge (TDRG) data and results were analyzed using 10 efficiency criteria. The best approach was selected using the CF technique. The lowest CF of 2.4 reveals that peak discharge can be computed with less than 8% deviation using the TDRG data, which utilizes the least error tile/grid/pixel from rain gauge rainfall value out of four nearby tile/grid/pixel. This study concluded that flood volume can be computed with less than 5% deviation using DRG data but it failed to reproduce the flood peak. This approach has overcome the insufficiency of sub-daily rainfall observation.
{"title":"A methodology for temporal disaggregation of daily rain gauge data using satellite precipitation product for improved accuracy in hydrologic simulation","authors":"Nitin Singh Kachhawa, Prasit Girish Agnihotri","doi":"10.2166/wpt.2023.199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2023.199","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract High-temporal resolution rainfall is a prerequisite for flood risk-related studies. Recently, satellite precipitation products (SPPs) have gained some attention in the hydro-meteorology field, but the application of these products for hydrological studies is still uncertain. This study discusses the methodology for temporal disaggregation of daily rain gauge (DRG) data using SPP for improved accuracy in hydrologic simulation. The objectives of this research article are (i) to temporally dis-aggregate the DRG data using 3-h SPP TRMM_3B42RT; (ii) to suggest the best approach in terms of hydrologic simulation capabilities using the compound factor (CF) technique. The hydrologic simulation in HEC-HMS was performed for various temporally disaggregated rain gauge (TDRG) data and results were analyzed using 10 efficiency criteria. The best approach was selected using the CF technique. The lowest CF of 2.4 reveals that peak discharge can be computed with less than 8% deviation using the TDRG data, which utilizes the least error tile/grid/pixel from rain gauge rainfall value out of four nearby tile/grid/pixel. This study concluded that flood volume can be computed with less than 5% deviation using DRG data but it failed to reproduce the flood peak. This approach has overcome the insufficiency of sub-daily rainfall observation.","PeriodicalId":23794,"journal":{"name":"Water Practice and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134956931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This study assessed groundwater quality in Chikun Local Government Area of Kaduna State and how it can be harnessed as a useful resource for water supply and to improve the management of water resources. The field survey methods adopted with the collection of water samples in the field were employed in collecting data. The study randomly collected fifty water samples from wells and boreholes in the peak of wet and dry seasons for 2 years (2021–2022) in the five selected wards within the Chikun Local Government Area and a range of water quality parameters were measured and compared with WHO standards for drinking water. The laboratory analysis results revealed that with the exception of magnesium, mercury, iron, lead and calcium, all other physicochemical parameters measured fell within the maximum permissible limit. The presence of some of these pollutants at varying degrees was found. Groundwater models showed groundwater flow in the North-Western direction and significant vertical movement of contaminants up to depths of about 60 m. This calls for regulations on the handling of wastes and pollutants that affect groundwater, which is best done through strict enforcement of laws and advocacy through all the appropriate institutions involved in water management.
{"title":"Hydro-geochemical characterisation and modelling of groundwater in Chikun Local Government Area of Kaduna state, Nigeria","authors":"Ezra Lekwot Vivan, Augustine Chukuma Eziashi, Nankap Latur Binbol, Vivien Chikogu Ameso","doi":"10.2166/wpt.2023.198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2023.198","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study assessed groundwater quality in Chikun Local Government Area of Kaduna State and how it can be harnessed as a useful resource for water supply and to improve the management of water resources. The field survey methods adopted with the collection of water samples in the field were employed in collecting data. The study randomly collected fifty water samples from wells and boreholes in the peak of wet and dry seasons for 2 years (2021–2022) in the five selected wards within the Chikun Local Government Area and a range of water quality parameters were measured and compared with WHO standards for drinking water. The laboratory analysis results revealed that with the exception of magnesium, mercury, iron, lead and calcium, all other physicochemical parameters measured fell within the maximum permissible limit. The presence of some of these pollutants at varying degrees was found. Groundwater models showed groundwater flow in the North-Western direction and significant vertical movement of contaminants up to depths of about 60 m. This calls for regulations on the handling of wastes and pollutants that affect groundwater, which is best done through strict enforcement of laws and advocacy through all the appropriate institutions involved in water management.","PeriodicalId":23794,"journal":{"name":"Water Practice and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134953829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This manuscript presents a novel state-of-the-art cyber-physical water testbed, namely the AI and Cyber for Water and Agriculture testbed (ACWA). ACWA is motivated by the aim to advance water resources' management using AI and cybersecurity experimentation. The main objective of ACWA is to address pressing challenges in the water and agricultural domains by utilising cutting-edge AI and data-driven technologies. These challenges include cyberbiosecurity, resources' management, access to water, sustainability, and data-driven decision-making, among others. To address such issues, ACWA is built consisting of topologies, sensors, computational clusters, pumps, tanks, smart water devices, as well as databases and AI models that control the system. Moreover, we present ACWA simulator, which is a software-based water digital twin. The simulator is based on fluid and constituent transport principles that produce a theoretical time series of a water distribution system. It creates a benchmark for comparing the theoretical approach with real-life outcomes via the physical ACWA testbed. ACWA data are available to AI and water sector researchers and are hosted in an online public repository. In this paper, the system is introduced and compared with existing water testbeds; additionally, use cases are described along with novel outcomes, such as datasets, software, and AI models.
{"title":"ACWA: an AI-driven cyber-physical testbed for intelligent water systems","authors":"Feras Batarseh, Ajay Kulkarni, Chhayly Sreng, Justice Lin, Siam Maksud","doi":"10.2166/wpt.2023.197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2023.197","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This manuscript presents a novel state-of-the-art cyber-physical water testbed, namely the AI and Cyber for Water and Agriculture testbed (ACWA). ACWA is motivated by the aim to advance water resources' management using AI and cybersecurity experimentation. The main objective of ACWA is to address pressing challenges in the water and agricultural domains by utilising cutting-edge AI and data-driven technologies. These challenges include cyberbiosecurity, resources' management, access to water, sustainability, and data-driven decision-making, among others. To address such issues, ACWA is built consisting of topologies, sensors, computational clusters, pumps, tanks, smart water devices, as well as databases and AI models that control the system. Moreover, we present ACWA simulator, which is a software-based water digital twin. The simulator is based on fluid and constituent transport principles that produce a theoretical time series of a water distribution system. It creates a benchmark for comparing the theoretical approach with real-life outcomes via the physical ACWA testbed. ACWA data are available to AI and water sector researchers and are hosted in an online public repository. In this paper, the system is introduced and compared with existing water testbeds; additionally, use cases are described along with novel outcomes, such as datasets, software, and AI models.","PeriodicalId":23794,"journal":{"name":"Water Practice and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135136658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Noorul Hudai Abdullah, Wazif Hilmi Ahmad Nizam, Muhammad Habil Izzuddin Norhisham, Nur Audrizety Husaimi, Norhayati Ngadiman, Nur Atikah Abdul Salim, Norzainariah Abu Hassan, Nur Husna Muslim
Abstract Mine waste management is becoming a growing global environmental concern for mining industries all over the world. Due to the abundance of ore waste from mining industries, this study aimed to observe the possibility of using ore waste to remove phosphorus from a solution. Although phosphorus is one of the essential elements for plant life, excessive phosphorus in water becomes one of the environmental issues, e.g., eutrophication. This study analysed the prediction contour of removal efficiency with the mass of adsorbent needed under different initial concentrations of solution. The batch experiment used an aqueous solution of 5 mg/L using potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH2PO4) at different masses of adsorbent (2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 g). The highest removal efficiency for phosphorus using 10 g of adsorbent is 54.3%. The data verified that the pseudo-second-order model (0.9976) fitted well. The adsorption between ore waste adsorbent and phosphorus was chemical sorption, whereas the analysis of isotherm models fitted the Freundlich model, with the occurrence of multilayer adsorption on the adsorption surface. The ability of ore waste to remove phosphorus was successful. This approach is one of the alternatives to enhance tertiary wastewater treatment technologies.
{"title":"Phosphorus removal from ore waste in aqueous solution with different mass of ore waste adsorbent from the Johor mine site","authors":"Noorul Hudai Abdullah, Wazif Hilmi Ahmad Nizam, Muhammad Habil Izzuddin Norhisham, Nur Audrizety Husaimi, Norhayati Ngadiman, Nur Atikah Abdul Salim, Norzainariah Abu Hassan, Nur Husna Muslim","doi":"10.2166/wpt.2023.196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2023.196","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Mine waste management is becoming a growing global environmental concern for mining industries all over the world. Due to the abundance of ore waste from mining industries, this study aimed to observe the possibility of using ore waste to remove phosphorus from a solution. Although phosphorus is one of the essential elements for plant life, excessive phosphorus in water becomes one of the environmental issues, e.g., eutrophication. This study analysed the prediction contour of removal efficiency with the mass of adsorbent needed under different initial concentrations of solution. The batch experiment used an aqueous solution of 5 mg/L using potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH2PO4) at different masses of adsorbent (2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 g). The highest removal efficiency for phosphorus using 10 g of adsorbent is 54.3%. The data verified that the pseudo-second-order model (0.9976) fitted well. The adsorption between ore waste adsorbent and phosphorus was chemical sorption, whereas the analysis of isotherm models fitted the Freundlich model, with the occurrence of multilayer adsorption on the adsorption surface. The ability of ore waste to remove phosphorus was successful. This approach is one of the alternatives to enhance tertiary wastewater treatment technologies.","PeriodicalId":23794,"journal":{"name":"Water Practice and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135137989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Understanding agricultural water use by sources such as rainwater (green water) or irrigation water (blue water) is vital to manage scarce freshwater resources. Tracing sources of evapotranspiration increases water management efficiency. This study proposes a two-bucket soil moisture water balance approach to trace sources of evapotranspiration over irrigated landscapes in the Awash Basin, Ethiopia, which is modeled in the water evaluation and planning model. Algorithms are devised to separate actual evapotranspiration into blue and green sources. The results showed annual basin renewable water of 15.78 BCM in the form of streamflow (4.65 BCM), stored water (3.54 BCM), and groundwater percolation (7.59 BCM). Annual actual evapotranspiration over irrigated landscapes was 805 MCM, which was separated as blue evapotranspiration (88.4%) and green evapotranspiration (11.6%). The findings also demonstrate that blue evapotranspiration predominantly occurs during dry months, indicating heavy reliance on stored water for irrigated landscapes. Subbasin-level analyses showed varying blue/green evapotranspiration patterns based on precipitation and irrigated agriculture. Irrigation accounted for less than 3% of the streamflow in upstream basins, while midstream and downstream basins utilized up to 30 and 70%, respectively. The complementary use of rainfall and irrigation in most parts of the basin is considered to be of interest to water managers.
{"title":"Partitioning blue and green water sources of evapotranspiration using the water evaluation and planning (WEAP) model","authors":"Belete Berhanu Kidanewold, Ethiopia Bisrat Zeleke, Claire Michailovsky, Solomon Seyoum","doi":"10.2166/wpt.2023.191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2023.191","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Understanding agricultural water use by sources such as rainwater (green water) or irrigation water (blue water) is vital to manage scarce freshwater resources. Tracing sources of evapotranspiration increases water management efficiency. This study proposes a two-bucket soil moisture water balance approach to trace sources of evapotranspiration over irrigated landscapes in the Awash Basin, Ethiopia, which is modeled in the water evaluation and planning model. Algorithms are devised to separate actual evapotranspiration into blue and green sources. The results showed annual basin renewable water of 15.78 BCM in the form of streamflow (4.65 BCM), stored water (3.54 BCM), and groundwater percolation (7.59 BCM). Annual actual evapotranspiration over irrigated landscapes was 805 MCM, which was separated as blue evapotranspiration (88.4%) and green evapotranspiration (11.6%). The findings also demonstrate that blue evapotranspiration predominantly occurs during dry months, indicating heavy reliance on stored water for irrigated landscapes. Subbasin-level analyses showed varying blue/green evapotranspiration patterns based on precipitation and irrigated agriculture. Irrigation accounted for less than 3% of the streamflow in upstream basins, while midstream and downstream basins utilized up to 30 and 70%, respectively. The complementary use of rainfall and irrigation in most parts of the basin is considered to be of interest to water managers.","PeriodicalId":23794,"journal":{"name":"Water Practice and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135242240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kevin Djatsa Nguedia, Roger Ntankouo Njila, Barthelémy Ndongo, Ronny Roy Choumele Jiague, Vivien Piercy Lotse Tedontsah, Armand Kagou Dongmo
Abstract Groundwater is a major resource for drinking water, especially in developing countries, where it is less expensive to treat than surface water. Today, the resource is highly susceptible to pollution, particularly as a result of human activity. This review was based on a literature review and critical analysis of models for estimating the groundwater vulnerability. The results show that the deepest porous aquifers are the least susceptible to pollution, whereas those in karstic and fissured environments are susceptible, whatever their depth. Pollution usually arises from human activity. Critical analysis of the literature shows that existing methods are developed in specific environmental contexts. Given the variability of factors in space and time, these methods do not take the intrinsic realities of all natural settings into account adequately and are not perfectly applicable in all environments. This highlights the need to develop appropriate models for each environment, such as that of the highlands in countries such as Cameroon.
{"title":"Estimating the vulnerability of groundwater resources to diffuse pollution in highlands areas: review of the literature and critical analysis (highlands of Cameroon)","authors":"Kevin Djatsa Nguedia, Roger Ntankouo Njila, Barthelémy Ndongo, Ronny Roy Choumele Jiague, Vivien Piercy Lotse Tedontsah, Armand Kagou Dongmo","doi":"10.2166/wpt.2023.194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2023.194","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Groundwater is a major resource for drinking water, especially in developing countries, where it is less expensive to treat than surface water. Today, the resource is highly susceptible to pollution, particularly as a result of human activity. This review was based on a literature review and critical analysis of models for estimating the groundwater vulnerability. The results show that the deepest porous aquifers are the least susceptible to pollution, whereas those in karstic and fissured environments are susceptible, whatever their depth. Pollution usually arises from human activity. Critical analysis of the literature shows that existing methods are developed in specific environmental contexts. Given the variability of factors in space and time, these methods do not take the intrinsic realities of all natural settings into account adequately and are not perfectly applicable in all environments. This highlights the need to develop appropriate models for each environment, such as that of the highlands in countries such as Cameroon.","PeriodicalId":23794,"journal":{"name":"Water Practice and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135242905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Lagenaria breviflora (LB) seeds were modified with acid (AMLB) and base (BMLB) for the sorption of Ni2+ from an aqueous solution. It was characterized by Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET). Kinetic, isotherm thermodynamic, and effects of pH were also studied. The FTIR revealed a shift and formation of new functional groups on the pretreated biosorbent surface which could be attributed to the adsorption of Ni2+ onto the modified LB. SEM analysis under different magnifications revealed that the external surface of the modified LB exhibited several cracked surfaces and different pore structures which could be involved in the adsorption of Ni2+. The XRD showed an amorphous structure, while the BET revealed a large surface area (BMLB-360.430 and AMLB-322.965 m2/g). The experimental conditions – contact time, pH, and initial metal ion concentration indicated that the maximum adsorption was attained at 30 min at pH 6, while the adsorption efficiency increased as the concentration of the biosorbents increased. Kinetic studies indicated that the sorption process correlates with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model suggesting a chemosorption mechanism. The isotherm data obtained obeyed a Langmuir model suggesting monolayer adsorption of Ni2+. The calculated sorption thermodynamic factors showed the adsorption of Ni2+ to be exothermic and spontaneous.
{"title":"Chemical pretreatment of <i>Lagenaria breviflora</i> seeds used as biosorbents for the removal of aqueous-bound Ni2+","authors":"Hillary Onyeka Abugu, Samson Ifeanyi Eze, Arinze Longinus Ezugwu, Ibeabuchi Jude Ali, Janefrances Ngozi Ihedioha","doi":"10.2166/wpt.2023.192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2023.192","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Lagenaria breviflora (LB) seeds were modified with acid (AMLB) and base (BMLB) for the sorption of Ni2+ from an aqueous solution. It was characterized by Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET). Kinetic, isotherm thermodynamic, and effects of pH were also studied. The FTIR revealed a shift and formation of new functional groups on the pretreated biosorbent surface which could be attributed to the adsorption of Ni2+ onto the modified LB. SEM analysis under different magnifications revealed that the external surface of the modified LB exhibited several cracked surfaces and different pore structures which could be involved in the adsorption of Ni2+. The XRD showed an amorphous structure, while the BET revealed a large surface area (BMLB-360.430 and AMLB-322.965 m2/g). The experimental conditions – contact time, pH, and initial metal ion concentration indicated that the maximum adsorption was attained at 30 min at pH 6, while the adsorption efficiency increased as the concentration of the biosorbents increased. Kinetic studies indicated that the sorption process correlates with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model suggesting a chemosorption mechanism. The isotherm data obtained obeyed a Langmuir model suggesting monolayer adsorption of Ni2+. The calculated sorption thermodynamic factors showed the adsorption of Ni2+ to be exothermic and spontaneous.","PeriodicalId":23794,"journal":{"name":"Water Practice and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135286443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Christopher Kanyesigye, Innocent Twesigye, Sara Marks, Charles Niwagaba, Robinah Kulabako, Giuliana Ferrero, Frank Kansiime
Abstract This study assessed the effects of environmental and operational hazardous events on the Bushenyi water supply system over the period 2017–2020. Monthly secondary water quality data for the period July 2013–December 2017 were analyzed together with data from field samples collected monthly from January 2018 to November 2020. The parameters analyzed were pH, turbidity, total iron, free chlorine and faecal coliforms. Hazardous events and risks affecting the water supply at the source, treatment and distribution system were identified and assessed during the field visits. Control measures were determined during water safety plan development effective July 2017 and implemented effective August 2018. Quality of water in the distribution system met the national standards for turbidity (93%), total iron (99%), residual free chlorine (90%) and faecal coliforms (96%). pH in the storage and distribution system was below the national standard (annual mean range, 5.5–6.7). Water quality was negatively influenced by extreme seasonal weather variations at the source, source protection gaps, treatment deficiencies related to clarifier, filter and chemical dose management as well as distribution management and maintenance gaps. Improved source protection, treatment and distribution network management and maintenance are recommended for sustainable system and water quality standards.
{"title":"Assessment of risks to the quality of water supplied in Bushenyi-Uganda using the water safety plan approach","authors":"Christopher Kanyesigye, Innocent Twesigye, Sara Marks, Charles Niwagaba, Robinah Kulabako, Giuliana Ferrero, Frank Kansiime","doi":"10.2166/wpt.2023.193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2023.193","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study assessed the effects of environmental and operational hazardous events on the Bushenyi water supply system over the period 2017–2020. Monthly secondary water quality data for the period July 2013–December 2017 were analyzed together with data from field samples collected monthly from January 2018 to November 2020. The parameters analyzed were pH, turbidity, total iron, free chlorine and faecal coliforms. Hazardous events and risks affecting the water supply at the source, treatment and distribution system were identified and assessed during the field visits. Control measures were determined during water safety plan development effective July 2017 and implemented effective August 2018. Quality of water in the distribution system met the national standards for turbidity (93%), total iron (99%), residual free chlorine (90%) and faecal coliforms (96%). pH in the storage and distribution system was below the national standard (annual mean range, 5.5–6.7). Water quality was negatively influenced by extreme seasonal weather variations at the source, source protection gaps, treatment deficiencies related to clarifier, filter and chemical dose management as well as distribution management and maintenance gaps. Improved source protection, treatment and distribution network management and maintenance are recommended for sustainable system and water quality standards.","PeriodicalId":23794,"journal":{"name":"Water Practice and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135242188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Attempting to reduce issues with dumping and water pollution, bio-based membrane material (MB1000), based on bentonite was elaborated for application in tangential ultrafiltration. For this, morphological properties, textural properties, and chemical structure of the elaborated membrane material were established using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analyses. Water permeability, chemical resistance, as well as point of zero charge of the membrane material were also investigated. The studied membrane material has a mesoporous structure, with a pore size of 7.20 nm and a water permeability of 318.06 L/h.m2.bar. The effect of transmembrane material pressure, pH solution, and concentration on Orange G (OG) and Rhodamine B (RB) dye rejection efficiency was examined and hence optimized. Besides, a mixture of RB and OG dyes was tested for membrane material ultrafiltration in a simultaneous system (RB/OG). Remarkably, an enhancement of the rejection results was noticed for the two dyes (ROG = 94.33%, RRB = 89.38%) resulting from a synergic effect of hydrogen bonding as well as electrostatic interactions generated from functional groups of the molecules dyes.
{"title":"Synergy effect in blend Orange G/Rhodamine B ultrafiltration, using natural bentonite-based membrane","authors":"Radia Labied, Fouzia Touahra, Souad Hazam, Maâmar Ouraghi, Redouane Chebout, Khaldoun Bachari, Djahida Lerari","doi":"10.2166/wpt.2023.195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2023.195","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Attempting to reduce issues with dumping and water pollution, bio-based membrane material (MB1000), based on bentonite was elaborated for application in tangential ultrafiltration. For this, morphological properties, textural properties, and chemical structure of the elaborated membrane material were established using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analyses. Water permeability, chemical resistance, as well as point of zero charge of the membrane material were also investigated. The studied membrane material has a mesoporous structure, with a pore size of 7.20 nm and a water permeability of 318.06 L/h.m2.bar. The effect of transmembrane material pressure, pH solution, and concentration on Orange G (OG) and Rhodamine B (RB) dye rejection efficiency was examined and hence optimized. Besides, a mixture of RB and OG dyes was tested for membrane material ultrafiltration in a simultaneous system (RB/OG). Remarkably, an enhancement of the rejection results was noticed for the two dyes (ROG = 94.33%, RRB = 89.38%) resulting from a synergic effect of hydrogen bonding as well as electrostatic interactions generated from functional groups of the molecules dyes.","PeriodicalId":23794,"journal":{"name":"Water Practice and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135243089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract A study was undertaken to assess the live storage capacity of the Dholbaha reservoir located in Punjab, India using remote sensing and bathymetric survey techniques. The primary objectives included comparing the estimated capacity with findings from a bathymetric survey, refining the elevation-area-capacity curve, and determining the rate of capacity loss due to sedimentation. This analysis utilized water elevation data spanning from 1987 to 2022 and satellite imageries from Landsat 7, 8, and 9. The satellite data underwent processing using software tools such as ERDAS IMAGINE and ArcGIS. The water extent of the reservoir was calculated using the Modified Normalized Difference Water Index (MNDWI). Over the course of 34 years, the reservoir experienced reductions in its dead, active, and total storage capacities by 81.5, 19.7, and 28.9%, respectively. These changes correspond to annual depletion rates of 2.40, 0.58, and 0.85%, respectively. The sediment yield from the surrounding catchment area was determined to be approximately 1175.3 m3/km2/year. Conducting a bathymetric survey is both resource-intensive and time-consuming. Consequently, remote sensing techniques emerge as a superior alternative for consistently estimating the loss of reservoir capacity. This, in turn, facilitates precise calculations of available water volume, enabling optimal planning for water usage scheduling and reservoir management.
{"title":"Reservoir capacity loss and sedimentation assessment of Dholbaha dam located in Punjab, India using remote sensing and bathymetric survey techniques","authors":"Mahesh Chand Singh, Avishek Prashar, Jaswinder Singh, Sukhdeep Kumar","doi":"10.2166/wpt.2023.188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2023.188","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A study was undertaken to assess the live storage capacity of the Dholbaha reservoir located in Punjab, India using remote sensing and bathymetric survey techniques. The primary objectives included comparing the estimated capacity with findings from a bathymetric survey, refining the elevation-area-capacity curve, and determining the rate of capacity loss due to sedimentation. This analysis utilized water elevation data spanning from 1987 to 2022 and satellite imageries from Landsat 7, 8, and 9. The satellite data underwent processing using software tools such as ERDAS IMAGINE and ArcGIS. The water extent of the reservoir was calculated using the Modified Normalized Difference Water Index (MNDWI). Over the course of 34 years, the reservoir experienced reductions in its dead, active, and total storage capacities by 81.5, 19.7, and 28.9%, respectively. These changes correspond to annual depletion rates of 2.40, 0.58, and 0.85%, respectively. The sediment yield from the surrounding catchment area was determined to be approximately 1175.3 m3/km2/year. Conducting a bathymetric survey is both resource-intensive and time-consuming. Consequently, remote sensing techniques emerge as a superior alternative for consistently estimating the loss of reservoir capacity. This, in turn, facilitates precise calculations of available water volume, enabling optimal planning for water usage scheduling and reservoir management.","PeriodicalId":23794,"journal":{"name":"Water Practice and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135432261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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