Punjab substance abuse prevention model: Outcomes of key multistakeholder consultation in Punjab, India

Abstract

Background: Extensive work has been done in the state of Punjab regarding the treatment of substance abuse, but focus on prevention was lacking. De-addiction services are being provided in almost each and every district of Punjab. A strong prevention and control component, i.e., prevention strategy along with de-addiction services, is crucial for desired impact. An attempt was made to develop a statewide prevention strategy against substance abuse in the state of Punjab, India, on the request of the state government. Materials and Methods: The plan of the prevention model was prepared based on the situation analysis, stakeholders' workshops, and consultative meetings with various key stakeholders from the state of Punjab. Results: One in seven (~15%) people in Punjab were currently dependent on any substance, including licit and illicit. This figure, when compared in a global context was much higher than expected. Overall substance use was predominant in men and significantly more common in rural areas. The prevention strategy in Punjab named 'Punjab Substance abuse Prevention Plan (P-SAP)' will have a holistic approach focusing on health promotion and continuum of care approach (Prevention-Treatment-Rehabilitation) targeting Supply-Demand-Harm reduction Measures. It is the first of its kind of inclusive multi-sectoral model that aims to prevent substance abuse at village, block, district and state level. Implementation requires political and administrative will with participation of all political parties and key stakeholders. Life skill education should be introduced in school education and should become part of curriculum. The state should ensure the institutional framework and mechanism for their participation and adequate resources for effective implementation. Conclusion: This model should be implemented in the state and can be tried and adapted in other states of India and low- and middle-income countries.