Vaccine distribution for COVID-19 and equity issues in India

Abstract

India, being the biggest producer of drugs including vaccines, emerged as a major supplier of the coronavirus vaccines for most of the countries across the world during the COVID-19 pandemic. Two vaccines, Covishield and Covaxin, were given emergency use authorization by India's drugs regulator during initial phases. Under the guidance of the National Expert Group on Vaccine Administration for COVID-19, India started its national vaccination program against SARS-CoV-2 on January 16, 2021. CoWIN (COVID-19 Vaccine Intelligence Network) is playing a vital role in real-time monitoring of COVID-19 vaccination. Having a robust Universal Immunization Program and experience of the previous immunization campaigns are advantages for India's COVID-19 vaccination program. Under Vaccine Maitri initiative, India is providing vaccines to nations across the world to ensure vaccine equity. In India, vaccination is being done in a phased manner where priority is given to the health and other frontline workers, people with age >50 years and people with comorbidities and above 18 years. As per the current policy, center government is responsible for buying 75% of all vaccines made for use in India and will distribute it to states based on their populations, disease burdens, and number of people to be vaccinated. Remaining 25% vaccines are available to be procured by private hospitals. However, existing facilities seem to be unable to meet the increased demand, and the government is considering approval for other vaccines to be imported. The world, including India, is still fighting against COVID-19 and vaccine equity is very important to win against this pandemic.