Nematoda Parasit Tumbuhan pada Tanaman Stroberi di Ciwidey-Jawa Barat

Abstract

Plant Parasitic Nematode of Strawberry in Ciwidey-West Java Strawberry is a horticultural crop that is widely cultivated in the highlands. One of the obstacles in strawberry production is plant parasitic nematode infection. Ciwidey District is one of the strawberry production centers in Bandung Regency, West Java Province. Several strawberry farms in Ciwidey showed symptoms of nematode infection, which affect the roots and crowns of the plants. There is limited reports of plant parasitic nematodes on strawberry plants in Indonesia , therefore this study was initiated to identify the genera of nematodes associated with strawberries and measure their abundance. Plant samples were taken by a purposive sampling method on symptomatic plants. Soil samples were extracted by centrifugation floatation method, root samples by fogging method; while leaf samples were cut into pieces, soaked in a cup, then incubated in the refrigerator for 24 hours. Nematodes were identified and their abundance was counted. Symptoms of plant parasitic nematode on the strawberry plant canopy involved stunted growth, reddened leaves, curled or wrinkled small leaves, and chlorosis. Symptoms on the roots are in the form of root lesions, shortened roots, reduced number of roots, swelling at the tip of the root, and root galls. Six species of nematodes were identified from all samples, i.e. Aphelenchoides besseyi, A. bicaudatus, Meloidogyne spp., Pratylenchus sp., Scutellonema sp., and Tylenchus sp. The abundance of nematodes found varied between 1–42 nematodes per 100 mL-1 soil and 2–29 nematodes per 5 g root-1. Among the nematodes found, Scutellonema was the first nematode reported to be associated with strawberry plants in Indonesia.