Investigating the physical mechanisms that modify wind plant blockage in stable boundary layers

IF 3.6 Q3 GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Wind Energy Science Pub Date : 2023-07-04 DOI:10.5194/wes-8-1049-2023
M. Sanchez Gomez, J. Lundquist, J. Mirocha, R. Arthur
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引用次数: 2

Abstract

Abstract. Wind plants slow down the approaching wind, a phenomenon known as blockage. Wind plant blockage undermines turbine performance for front-row turbines and potentially for turbines deeper into the array. We use large-eddy simulations to characterize blockage upstream of a finite-size wind plant in flat terrain for different atmospheric stability conditions and investigate the physical mechanisms modifying the flow upstream of the turbines. To examine the influence of atmospheric stability, we compare simulations of two stably stratified boundary layers using the Weather Research and Forecasting model in large-eddy simulation mode, representing wind turbines using the generalized actuator disk approach. For a wind plant, a faster cooling rate at the surface, which produces stronger stably stratified flow in the boundary layer, amplifies blockage. As a novelty, we investigate the physical mechanisms amplifying blockage by evaluating the different terms in the momentum conservation equation within the turbine rotor layer. The velocity deceleration upstream of a wind plant is caused by an adverse pressure gradient and momentum advection out of the turbine rotor layer. The cumulative deceleration of the flow upstream of the front-row turbines instigates vertical motions. The horizontal flow is diverted vertically, reducing momentum availability in the turbine rotor layer. Although the adverse pressure gradient upstream of the wind plant remains unchanged with atmospheric stability, vertical advection of horizontal momentum is amplified in the more strongly stable boundary layer, mainly by larger shear of the horizontal velocity, thus increasing the blockage effect.
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研究在稳定边界层中改变风电场阻塞的物理机制
摘要风力发电厂减缓了接近的风,这种现象被称为阻塞。风电场堵塞破坏了前排涡轮机的涡轮机性能,并可能破坏阵列中更深的涡轮机的性能。我们使用大涡模拟来表征不同大气稳定性条件下平坦地形中有限尺寸风电场上游的阻塞,并研究改变涡轮机上游流量的物理机制。为了检验大气稳定性的影响,我们在大涡模拟模式下比较了使用天气研究和预测模型对两个稳定分层边界层的模拟,使用广义致动器盘方法表示风力涡轮机。对于风力发电厂来说,表面更快的冷却速度会在边界层产生更强的稳定分层流,从而加剧堵塞。作为一项新颖的研究,我们通过评估涡轮机转子层内动量守恒方程中的不同项来研究放大阻塞的物理机制。风电场上游的速度减速是由涡轮机转子层外的反向压力梯度和动量平流引起的。前排涡轮机上游流量的累积减速度引起垂直运动。水平流垂直转向,降低了涡轮机转子层中的动量可用性。尽管风电场上游的不利压力梯度与大气稳定性保持不变,但在更稳定的边界层中,水平动量的垂直平流被放大,主要是由于水平速度的较大剪切,从而增加了阻塞效应。
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来源期刊
Wind Energy Science
Wind Energy Science GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY-
CiteScore
6.90
自引率
27.50%
发文量
115
审稿时长
28 weeks
期刊最新文献
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