CROSSKILL AND STAR-WHEELED ROLLERS. FUNCTIONAL AND DYNAMIC TESTS

L. Shustik, Pogorilyy UkrNDIPVT, V. Pogoriliy, N. Nilova, T. Gaidai, S. Stepchenko, S. Sidorenko
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The research hypothesis assumed that the selected criteria for evaluating the work of rollers (intensity of breaking of clods, compacting action of rollers, intensity of bottom compaction and performance of rollers at high soil moisture) depend on roller pressure and different speed regimes, as they are derived from the shape of work surfaces. Sub-criteria studies were supposed to be carried out on the same type of soil: clods breaking characteristics on dry W = (10… 12) %, compacting effect on physically mature soil W = (15… 20) %, efficiency at high humidity - W = (25… 27) %. Evaluation of soil characteristics was performed by thermostatic-weight method according to the generally accepted method of \"cutting ring\" [Kaczynski NA, 1947], according to the volume of the cylinder 100 cm3. To determine the intensity of bottom compaction used the methodology and technical means of L. Pogorilyy UkrNDIPVT development. Statistical analysis of experimental data was performed by the method of analysis of variance according to [Dospekhov, 1985] and interpreted by standard computer programs Excel in the form of graphs. Results. The intensity of clods breaking with a classic roller is the lowest and depends on the speed of movement. The intensity of breaking by the modernized roller is approximately 1.1 times higher and with increasing speed is almost stable. The intensity of clods breaking by a specialized roller is the highest and almost (10...20) %, respectively, exceeds the previous two rollers and does not significantly depend on the increase in speed. The greatest compaction of the soil (the height of the layer to which the pre-prepared soil asked after the passage of the roller) is characteristic of a specialized roller, which is almost (1.5…1.7) times higher than the classic and modernized, respectively. Depending on the depth of pre-tillage (5…10) cm, compaction by rollers varies approximately twice. The greatest intensity of compaction of a bottom is provided by the specialized roller, and modernized and classical condense accordingly in (1,2…1,4) times below. The specialized roller sticks the fastest, which is facilitated by the 4-tier arrangement of working surfaces and their maximum in comparison with others contact with the ground. Sticking of the modernized roller surface is as that of the specialized. The classic roller surface remains clean for the longest time. Conclusions. The classic roller compacts both the upper and lower horizons of the soil well enough, brings little moisture to the surface, has a medium clods breaking effect, can be recommended for a wide range of works, but its primary purpose is cultivating after sowing; as a compromise it can be used for pre-sowing tillage with good quality indicators. The upgraded roller compacts the top layer of the soil well, carries away little moisture, mulches the surface, distributes the effort well at different depths of cultivation and can be recommended primarily for pre-sowing tillage; as a compromise solution can be used after sowing with good quality indicators. Specialized roller – star-wheeled, has good penetrating ability, works most actively, providing the best clods breaking effect, slightly carries away wet horizons on the surface; can be recommended for leveling and use on the soil after its main cultivation. Each of the studied rollers can be used to some extent in all these technological operations, but the best result will be achieved taking into account their characteristics, type and period of execution.","PeriodicalId":34711,"journal":{"name":"Tekhnikotekhnologichni aspekti rozvitku ta viprobuvannia novoyi tekhniki i tekhnologii dlia sil''s''kogo gospodarstva Ukrayini","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"1","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Tekhnikotekhnologichni aspekti rozvitku ta viprobuvannia novoyi tekhniki i tekhnologii dlia sil''s''kogo gospodarstva Ukrayini","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.31473/2305-5987-2021-1-28(42)-7","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1

Abstract

Experimental field research of crosskill and star-wheeled rollers similar by design provides their developers and users with information on understanding their design and functional features. The purpose of the research is to compare the functional features of crosskill and star-wheeled rollers according to the criteria of clods breaking effect, compacting action, resistance to sticking in the range of pre-sowing and surface tillage depth. Methods and materials. Dynamic tests involved the study of three types of rollers. The research hypothesis assumed that the selected criteria for evaluating the work of rollers (intensity of breaking of clods, compacting action of rollers, intensity of bottom compaction and performance of rollers at high soil moisture) depend on roller pressure and different speed regimes, as they are derived from the shape of work surfaces. Sub-criteria studies were supposed to be carried out on the same type of soil: clods breaking characteristics on dry W = (10… 12) %, compacting effect on physically mature soil W = (15… 20) %, efficiency at high humidity - W = (25… 27) %. Evaluation of soil characteristics was performed by thermostatic-weight method according to the generally accepted method of "cutting ring" [Kaczynski NA, 1947], according to the volume of the cylinder 100 cm3. To determine the intensity of bottom compaction used the methodology and technical means of L. Pogorilyy UkrNDIPVT development. Statistical analysis of experimental data was performed by the method of analysis of variance according to [Dospekhov, 1985] and interpreted by standard computer programs Excel in the form of graphs. Results. The intensity of clods breaking with a classic roller is the lowest and depends on the speed of movement. The intensity of breaking by the modernized roller is approximately 1.1 times higher and with increasing speed is almost stable. The intensity of clods breaking by a specialized roller is the highest and almost (10...20) %, respectively, exceeds the previous two rollers and does not significantly depend on the increase in speed. The greatest compaction of the soil (the height of the layer to which the pre-prepared soil asked after the passage of the roller) is characteristic of a specialized roller, which is almost (1.5…1.7) times higher than the classic and modernized, respectively. Depending on the depth of pre-tillage (5…10) cm, compaction by rollers varies approximately twice. The greatest intensity of compaction of a bottom is provided by the specialized roller, and modernized and classical condense accordingly in (1,2…1,4) times below. The specialized roller sticks the fastest, which is facilitated by the 4-tier arrangement of working surfaces and their maximum in comparison with others contact with the ground. Sticking of the modernized roller surface is as that of the specialized. The classic roller surface remains clean for the longest time. Conclusions. The classic roller compacts both the upper and lower horizons of the soil well enough, brings little moisture to the surface, has a medium clods breaking effect, can be recommended for a wide range of works, but its primary purpose is cultivating after sowing; as a compromise it can be used for pre-sowing tillage with good quality indicators. The upgraded roller compacts the top layer of the soil well, carries away little moisture, mulches the surface, distributes the effort well at different depths of cultivation and can be recommended primarily for pre-sowing tillage; as a compromise solution can be used after sowing with good quality indicators. Specialized roller – star-wheeled, has good penetrating ability, works most actively, providing the best clods breaking effect, slightly carries away wet horizons on the surface; can be recommended for leveling and use on the soil after its main cultivation. Each of the studied rollers can be used to some extent in all these technological operations, but the best result will be achieved taking into account their characteristics, type and period of execution.
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交叉击杀和星形滚轮。功能和动态测试
交叉压路机和星形轮压路机设计相似的试验现场研究为其开发人员和用户提供了了解其设计和功能特征的信息。本研究的目的是根据破块效果、压实作用、在预播和表层耕作深度范围内的抗粘性等标准,比较十字压路机和星形轮压路机的功能特征。方法和材料。动态试验包括对三种类型的压路机的研究。研究假设,评估压路机工作的选定标准(土块破碎强度、压路机压实作用、底部压实强度和压路机在高土壤湿度下的性能)取决于压路机压力和不同的速度状态,因为它们来自于工作表面的形状。应在相同类型的土壤上进行子标准研究:干土的破块特性W=(10…12)%,物理成熟土的压实效果W=(15…20)%,高湿度下的效率W=(25…27)%。根据公认的“切割环”方法【Kaczynski NA,1947】,根据100 cm3的圆柱体体积,通过恒温重量法对土壤特性进行评估。采用L.Pogorily UkrNDIPVT开发的方法和技术手段确定底部压实强度。根据[Dospekhov,1985],通过方差分析方法对实验数据进行统计分析,并通过标准计算机程序Excel以图表形式进行解释。后果用传统滚轴打破土块的强度最低,这取决于运动速度。现代化滚筒的断裂强度大约高出1.1倍,并且随着速度的增加几乎稳定。专用滚筒破碎土块的强度最高,分别比前两个滚筒高出近(10…20)%,并且与速度的增加无关。土壤的最大压实度(压路机通过后预处理土壤所要求的层的高度)是专用压路机的特征,其几乎分别比传统压路机和现代化压路机高(1.5…1.7)倍。根据预耕深度(5…10)cm的不同,压路机的压实度约为两倍。底部的最大压实强度由专业压路机提供,现代化和经典的压实强度相应地浓缩在以下(1,2…1,4)次中。专用滚筒粘得最快,这得益于工作表面的4层布置,与其他与地面接触的滚筒相比,其粘得最大。现代化滚筒表面的粘贴是专业化的。经典滚筒表面保持清洁的时间最长。结论。经典的压路机能很好地压实土壤的上层和下层,给表面带来很少的水分,具有中等的破块效果,可以推荐用于各种工程,但其主要目的是播种后耕种;作为折衷方案,它可以用于具有良好质量指标的播种前耕作。升级后的压路机能很好地压实土壤表层,带走很少的水分,覆盖表面,在不同的耕作深度很好地分配作用力,主要推荐用于播种前耕作;作为折衷方案,可以在具有良好质量指标的播种后使用。专业压路机-星轮,穿透能力强,工作最积极,破块效果最好,轻微带走表面潮湿的土层;可推荐在其主要栽培后的土壤上整平使用。所研究的每种压路机都可以在一定程度上用于所有这些技术操作,但考虑到其特性、类型和执行周期,将获得最佳结果。
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