Populasi Bakteri Usus Halus dan Performan Ayam Kampung Silangan Kampung-Leghorn Akibat Ditambahkan Ekstrak Umbi Dahlia dalam Ransum

Abstract

ABSTRACT. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengkaji perkembangan bakteri usus halus dan performan ayam kampung silangan kampung-leghorn (KL) akibat ditambahkan ekstrak umbi dahlia dalam ransum. Ternak percobaan yang digunakan adalah persilangan ayam kampung silangan KL sebanyak 200 ekor umur 22 hari dengan rata-rata bobot badan 180,46 ± 1,21 g. Bahan perlakuan meliputi umbi dahlia, ethanol 70%, kertas saring halus serta bahan pakan penyusun ransum (jagung giling, bekatul, bungkil kedelai, tepung ikan, CaCO3 dan mineral dan vitamin mix). Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan 4 perlakuan dan 5 ulangan (masing-masing unit percobaan diisi 10 ekor). Perlakuan yang diterapkan meliputi: P0=Ransum kontrol/RK, P1=RK+0,39% ekstrak umbi dahlia, P2=RK+0,78 ekstrak umbi dahlia, dan P3= RK+1,17 ekstrak umbi dahlia. Parameter yang diukur meliputi populasi bakteri asam laktat, Escherichia coli, pH digesta tiap masing-masing segmen usus halus dan pertambahan bobot badan harian (PBBH). Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji sidik ragam dan jika berpengaruh nyata dilakukan uji beda nyata Duncan pada taraf 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan ekstrak umbi dahlia berpengaruh nyata terhadap populasi bakteri asam laktat, Escherichia coli, pH digesta tiap masing-masing segmen usus halus dan PBBH. Kesimpulan adalah penambahan ekstrak umbi dahlia sampai taraf 1,17% sebagai sumber inulin di dalam ransum dapat meningkatkan populasi bakteri asam laktat, menurunkan pH dan Escherichia coli pada masing-masing segmen usus halus serta memperlambat laju digesta dan meningkatkan PBBH.  (Population of small intestine bacteria and performance of native chicken-leghorn crossbreed duo to feeding of dahlia tuber extract) ABSTRAK. This study aims to examine the development of small intestine bacteria and the performances of native chicken-leghorn crossbreed due to the addition of dahlia tuber extract in the diet. Experimental animals were 200 unsex native chicken-leghorn crossbreed, 22 days old with an average body weight of 180.46 ± 1.21 g. Treatment materials include dahlia tuber, ethanol 70%, fine filter paper and feed stuff (yellow corn, rice bran, soy bean meal, fish meal, CaCO3, and vitamin-mineral mix). The present experiment was assigned in a completely randomized with 4 treatments and 5 replications (10 birds each). The treatments were: P0=Control Diet/CD, P1=CD+0,39% dahlia tuber extract, P2=CD+0,78% dahlia tuber extract and P3=CD+1,17% dahlia tuber extract. Parameters measured were the number of Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB), Escherichia coli, intestinal potential hydrogen (pH) (duodenal, jejunal and ileal), rate of passage and daily body weight gain (DBWG). Data were subjected to ANOVA and followed by Duncan Multiple Range Test on 5% level. The results indicated that feeding native chicken-leghorn crossbreed with the diet containing dahlia tuber extract (DTE) significantly (P0.05) increased LAB population and DBWG, decreased E. coli population and intestinal pH, and slow the rate of passage down. In conclusion, feeding of dahlia tubers as a source of inulin in the form of dahlia tuber extract to a level of 1.17% increased the population of lactic acid bacteria, reduced pH and Escherichia coli in each segment of the small intestine and retard the rate of digestion and increased body weight gain.