Immune response characteristics of Capri pox virus vaccines following emergency vaccination of cattle against lumpy skin disease virus

Abstract

In this research immune response characteristics of two available heterologous vaccines including Gorgan goat pox virus (GPV) and Romanian sheep pox virus (SPV) vaccines against lumpy skin disease have been examined, by using the monitoring of humoral and cell-mediated immune responses in vaccinated calves in the field. The evaluation of humoral immune response showed that the neutralizing antibody titers in both vaccinated groups started at day 7 post-vaccination, then reached to the protective level at day 21 post-vaccination and persisted till 35 day post-vaccination. The neutralizing antibody titers in GPV-vaccinated calves (GVC) the ratio was higher than SPV-vaccinated calves (RVC), and on days 21 and 35 post-vaccination were significantly different (p <0.05). Also, in vitro evaluation of cellular immune responses showed that the lymphocyte proliferation index and IFN-γ and IL-4 pro duction levels in both vaccinated groups began to increase at day 7 post-vaccination until reached to its peak at day 21 post-vaccination and decreased in the period thereafter. So that, in GVC this ratio was higher than that in RVC and was significant at day 21 post-vaccination (p < 0.05). The findings show that the live attenuated GPV vaccine due to induction of high level of antibody titer and higher lymphocyte proliferation and IFN-γ and IL-4 production has a good immunogenic response, so it is considered a suitable vaccine to control lumpy skin disease.