Pub Date : 2021-09-13DOI: 10.22067/IJVST.2021.69380.1028
M. Bameri, Morteza Zendedel Kheybari, B. Vazir, A. Asghari, N. Panahi
The current study aimed to see how the central dopaminergic and cannabinoidergic mechanisms affect melanocortin-induced food intake in the neonatal layer chickens. In this regard, 9 experiments were designed. In experiment 1, chicks injected with control solution, MTII (2.5, 5, and 10 ng). In experiment 2, control solution, L-DOPA (125 nmol), MTII (10 ng), and L-DOPA + MTII were applied to the birds. Experiments 3-9 were similar to experiment 2, except birds injected with 6-OHDA (150 nmol), SCH23390 (5 nmol), AMI-193 (5 nmol), NGB2904 (6.4 nmol), L-741,742 (6 nmol), SR141716A (6.25 µg), and AM630 (5 µg) instead of L-DOPA. Then, cumulative food intake was recorded at 30, 60, and 120 min following injection. According to the results, in comparison with the control group, dose-dependent hypophagia was observed in 3-h food-deprived neonatal layer chickens following ICV injection of MTII (2.5, 5, and 10 ng) (P 0.05). These results demonstrated that melanocortin-induced hypophagia in the neonatal layer chickens is likely mediated by D1, D2, and CB1 receptors.
{"title":"Evidence for an interaction between cannabinoidergic and dopaminergic systems with melanocortin MC3/ MC4 receptors in regulating food intake of neonatal chick","authors":"M. Bameri, Morteza Zendedel Kheybari, B. Vazir, A. Asghari, N. Panahi","doi":"10.22067/IJVST.2021.69380.1028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22067/IJVST.2021.69380.1028","url":null,"abstract":"The current study aimed to see how the central dopaminergic and cannabinoidergic mechanisms affect melanocortin-induced food intake in the neonatal layer chickens. In this regard, 9 experiments were designed. In experiment 1, chicks injected with control solution, MTII (2.5, 5, and 10 ng). In experiment 2, control solution, L-DOPA (125 nmol), MTII (10 ng), and L-DOPA + MTII were applied to the birds. Experiments 3-9 were similar to experiment 2, except birds injected with 6-OHDA (150 nmol), SCH23390 (5 nmol), AMI-193 (5 nmol), NGB2904 (6.4 nmol), L-741,742 (6 nmol), SR141716A (6.25 µg), and AM630 (5 µg) instead of L-DOPA. Then, cumulative food intake was recorded at 30, 60, and 120 min following injection. According to the results, in comparison with the control group, dose-dependent hypophagia was observed in 3-h food-deprived neonatal layer chickens following ICV injection of MTII (2.5, 5, and 10 ng) (P 0.05). These results demonstrated that melanocortin-induced hypophagia in the neonatal layer chickens is likely mediated by D1, D2, and CB1 receptors.","PeriodicalId":36826,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Veterinary Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49351465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-12DOI: 10.22067/IJVST.2021.70595.1045
Negar Karimi, H. Seifi, M. Heidarpour
Altered cytokine profile and weakened immunity along with clinical or subclinical ketosis (SCK) are among the remarkable challenges around parturition. Therefore, the present study aimed to compare some inflammatory cytokines and immunologic factors between two groups of healthy and SCK cows. Serum specimens were collected from 30 clinically healthy dairy cows on the early dry period (EDP), one week before expected calving (-1w), and one week postpartum (+1w). The animals were divided into the two groups of healthy (N=20) and SCK (N=10) based on serum β-hydroxybutyrate cut-off of 1.2 mmol/L on +1w. The concentrations of immunoglobulin G (IgG), interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-10, interferon-γ (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and haptoglobin (Hp) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The data were statistically analyzed by mixed analysis of variance and independent samples t-test using the SPSS software. The findings demonstrated that the overall levels of IL-4 (P=0.033), IL-10 (P=0.049), TNF-α (P=0.028), and Hp (P=0.018) were significantly higher in the SCK group than the control group. Furthermore, the interaction of time × SCK had a significant influence on IL-4 (P=0.028) and Hp (P=0.022) levels. It was revealed that IL-4 (P=0.008), IL-10 (P=0.009), TNF-α (P=0.01), and Hp (P=0.002) were all significantly higher in the SCK group than the control group on +1w. In conclusion, SCK in dairy cattle might have a relationship with immunologic and inflammatory changes around calving.
{"title":"Assessment of Some Inflammatory Cytokines and Immunologic Factors in Dairy Cows with Subclinical Ketosis","authors":"Negar Karimi, H. Seifi, M. Heidarpour","doi":"10.22067/IJVST.2021.70595.1045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22067/IJVST.2021.70595.1045","url":null,"abstract":"Altered cytokine profile and weakened immunity along with clinical or subclinical ketosis (SCK) are among the remarkable challenges around parturition. Therefore, the present study aimed to compare some inflammatory cytokines and immunologic factors between two groups of healthy and SCK cows. Serum specimens were collected from 30 clinically healthy dairy cows on the early dry period (EDP), one week before expected calving (-1w), and one week postpartum (+1w). The animals were divided into the two groups of healthy (N=20) and SCK (N=10) based on serum β-hydroxybutyrate cut-off of 1.2 mmol/L on +1w. The concentrations of immunoglobulin G (IgG), interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-10, interferon-γ (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and haptoglobin (Hp) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The data were statistically analyzed by mixed analysis of variance and independent samples t-test using the SPSS software. The findings demonstrated that the overall levels of IL-4 (P=0.033), IL-10 (P=0.049), TNF-α (P=0.028), and Hp (P=0.018) were significantly higher in the SCK group than the control group. Furthermore, the interaction of time × SCK had a significant influence on IL-4 (P=0.028) and Hp (P=0.022) levels. It was revealed that IL-4 (P=0.008), IL-10 (P=0.009), TNF-α (P=0.01), and Hp (P=0.002) were all significantly higher in the SCK group than the control group on +1w. In conclusion, SCK in dairy cattle might have a relationship with immunologic and inflammatory changes around calving.","PeriodicalId":36826,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Veterinary Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45870895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-11DOI: 10.22067/IJVST.2021.71247.1057
Nader Ahmadi Saleh Baberi, I. Karimi, H. Nourani, H. Azizi, G. Razmi
This study was conducted to investigate the pathogenesis process of E. ahsata and its morphological, pathological, and distribution of lesions in the involved tissues during 42 days of infection. Twelve lambs were provided and randomly divided into two groups including the control and the infected groups after confirmation of their health. The animals in the experiment group were orally infected with 1× 105 sporulated oocysts. From 7 days after inoculation (DAI), the faeces were sampled and oocysts per gram of faeces (OPG) were individually examined for each lamb. . At 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42 DAI, one lamb from each group was scarified and necropsied and the abomasum, small and large intestine, mesenteric lymph nodes, spleens and livers were grossly investigated. From 21 to 42 DAI, the mild to severe clinical lesions such as congestion and edema were seen on the mucosal surface of small intestine associated with white and small foci about 1-2 mm, especially jejunum and ileum. From 7 DAI to end of the study various stages of the parasite life cycle, infiltration of inflammatory cells, villi epithelial hyperplasia, and destruction of villi epithelium was seen. The results showed that E.ahsata was pathogenic in lambs and the macro and microscopic lesions were mostly seen in the jejunum
{"title":"Parasitological and pathological findings of coccidiosis in an experimental infection caused by Eimeria ahsata in lambs","authors":"Nader Ahmadi Saleh Baberi, I. Karimi, H. Nourani, H. Azizi, G. Razmi","doi":"10.22067/IJVST.2021.71247.1057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22067/IJVST.2021.71247.1057","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted to investigate the pathogenesis process of E. ahsata and its morphological, pathological, and distribution of lesions in the involved tissues during 42 days of infection. Twelve lambs were provided and randomly divided into two groups including the control and the infected groups after confirmation of their health. The animals in the experiment group were orally infected with 1× 105 sporulated oocysts. From 7 days after inoculation (DAI), the faeces were sampled and oocysts per gram of faeces (OPG) were individually examined for each lamb. . At 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42 DAI, one lamb from each group was scarified and necropsied and the abomasum, small and large intestine, mesenteric lymph nodes, spleens and livers were grossly investigated. From 21 to 42 DAI, the mild to severe clinical lesions such as congestion and edema were seen on the mucosal surface of small intestine associated with white and small foci about 1-2 mm, especially jejunum and ileum. From 7 DAI to end of the study various stages of the parasite life cycle, infiltration of inflammatory cells, villi epithelial hyperplasia, and destruction of villi epithelium was seen. The results showed that E.ahsata was pathogenic in lambs and the macro and microscopic lesions were mostly seen in the jejunum","PeriodicalId":36826,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Veterinary Science and Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42603208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-31DOI: 10.22067/IJVST.2021.64332.0
F. B. Matias, Nichole Cruz, M. B. Salinas
The study analyzed the histomorphometry of the mature female Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) stomach with the aid of ImageJ software. The different histological parts were identified using a compound microscope. Five mature laying female Japanese quail were collected and necropsied. The digestive organs, particularly proventriculus and gizzard, were collected and processed for tissue staining. Histological identification and measurement of thickness and depth of various structures were subsequently performed. Comparable to other avian species, the proventriculus was comprised of four layers: thin tunica serosa (22.69 µm), tunica muscularis (235.07 µm) with outer longitudinal and inner circular smooth muscle layers, thick tunica submucosa (2,164.37 µm) containing glands, and innermost tunica mucosa (553.42 µm) with papillae. The gizzard was characterized by four tunics: thin tunica serosa (60.44 µm), thick tunica muscularis (1,480.07 µm), tunica submucosa (112.25 µm), and tunica mucosa (456.15 µm) where the glands, crypts, and koilin can be found. The findings suggest that the histology of proventriculus and gizzard of the Japanese quail have no remarkable difference compared to other poultry species. However, the histomorphometry of the organs examined had remarkable variations as compared to other avians.
{"title":"Histomorphometric analysis of mature female Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) stomach","authors":"F. B. Matias, Nichole Cruz, M. B. Salinas","doi":"10.22067/IJVST.2021.64332.0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22067/IJVST.2021.64332.0","url":null,"abstract":"The study analyzed the histomorphometry of the mature female Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) stomach with the aid of ImageJ software. The different histological parts were identified using a compound microscope. Five mature laying female Japanese quail were collected and necropsied. The digestive organs, particularly proventriculus and gizzard, were collected and processed for tissue staining. Histological identification and measurement of thickness and depth of various structures were subsequently performed. Comparable to other avian species, the proventriculus was comprised of four layers: thin tunica serosa (22.69 µm), tunica muscularis (235.07 µm) with outer longitudinal and inner circular smooth muscle layers, thick tunica submucosa (2,164.37 µm) containing glands, and innermost tunica mucosa (553.42 µm) with papillae. The gizzard was characterized by four tunics: thin tunica serosa (60.44 µm), thick tunica muscularis (1,480.07 µm), tunica submucosa (112.25 µm), and tunica mucosa (456.15 µm) where the glands, crypts, and koilin can be found. The findings suggest that the histology of proventriculus and gizzard of the Japanese quail have no remarkable difference compared to other poultry species. However, the histomorphometry of the organs examined had remarkable variations as compared to other avians.","PeriodicalId":36826,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Veterinary Science and Technology","volume":"13 1","pages":"91-97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43344878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-30DOI: 10.22067/IJVST.2021.68338.1010
Sepideh Hosseini, S. Mehrzad, H. Hassanzadeh, Mahboubeh Kazemi, N. S. Moussavi, M. Moghaddam, H. Bidkhori, M. Farshchian
Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells (MSCs) have been applied to modulate various immune-mediated conditions. Prolonged culture of MSCs in vitro reduces their therapeutic efficacy. Pretreatment of the cells with some chemical agents during in vitro expansion could overcome this limitation. This study intended to determine whether pretreatment of adipose-derived MSCs (ASCs) with Human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG), a glycoprotein hormone, and Vitamin E, an antioxidant, will improve their immunomodulatory ability. In this regard, ASCs were harvested from human processed lipoaspirate. LPS-induced ASCs were preconditioned with 1 mg of hCG and 600 µM of vitamin E for 24h. TSG-6, COX-2, IL-1β, and IL-6 were assessed at the mRNA level in preconditioned and control groups. ASCs were also co-cultured with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in vitro to determine the functionality of these cells. Results showed that hCG and vitamin E significantly downregulate the pro-inflammatory COX-2, IL-1β, and IL-6 gene expression, while they did not significantly increase TSG-6 expression. Besides, the co-culturing of pretreated ASCs with PBMCs demonstrated that the amount of PBMCs in treated groups (with hCG and vitamin E) was significantly lower than in control groups. These findings revealed that the preconditioning of ASCs with hCG and vitamin E might enhance their immunoregulatory capacity.
{"title":"Vitamin E and hCG enhance the immunomodulatory properties of LPS-induced mesenchymal stem/stromal cells","authors":"Sepideh Hosseini, S. Mehrzad, H. Hassanzadeh, Mahboubeh Kazemi, N. S. Moussavi, M. Moghaddam, H. Bidkhori, M. Farshchian","doi":"10.22067/IJVST.2021.68338.1010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22067/IJVST.2021.68338.1010","url":null,"abstract":"Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells (MSCs) have been applied to modulate various immune-mediated conditions. Prolonged culture of MSCs in vitro reduces their therapeutic efficacy. Pretreatment of the cells with some chemical agents during in vitro expansion could overcome this limitation. This study intended to determine whether pretreatment of adipose-derived MSCs (ASCs) with Human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG), a glycoprotein hormone, and Vitamin E, an antioxidant, will improve their immunomodulatory ability. In this regard, ASCs were harvested from human processed lipoaspirate. LPS-induced ASCs were preconditioned with 1 mg of hCG and 600 µM of vitamin E for 24h. TSG-6, COX-2, IL-1β, and IL-6 were assessed at the mRNA level in preconditioned and control groups. ASCs were also co-cultured with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in vitro to determine the functionality of these cells. Results showed that hCG and vitamin E significantly downregulate the pro-inflammatory COX-2, IL-1β, and IL-6 gene expression, while they did not significantly increase TSG-6 expression. Besides, the co-culturing of pretreated ASCs with PBMCs demonstrated that the amount of PBMCs in treated groups (with hCG and vitamin E) was significantly lower than in control groups. These findings revealed that the preconditioning of ASCs with hCG and vitamin E might enhance their immunoregulatory capacity.","PeriodicalId":36826,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Veterinary Science and Technology","volume":"13 1","pages":"64-74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46495425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-21DOI: 10.22067/IJVST.2021.64272.0
Elaheh Rahimi Rick, F. Mahmoudi, H. Khazali, A. Asadi, Mahnaz Ghowsi
Kisspeptin stimulates gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH). The GnRH neurons receive inhibitory inputs from ghrelin, RFamide related peptide-3 (RFRP-3), and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurons. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with increased levels of GnRH/LH and kisspeptin, and decreased release of GABA, ghrelin, and RFRP-3. In the present study, the effects of GABAB receptor agonist, baclofen, were investigated on GnRH, KiSS1, RFRP-3, and ghrelin gene expression in the hypothalamus of PCOS model rats. For induction of PCOS, female Wistar rats weighing 180-200g received intra-muscular injection of estradiol valerate. Fifteen PCOS rats in three groups received intraperitoneal injections of saline, 5, or 10 mg/kg baclofen for two weeks. The hypothalamic samples were dissected. Gene expression levels of GnRH, KiSS1, RFRP-3, and ghrelin were determined by real time qPCR method. Results revealed that baclofen significantly decreased the mean relative KiSS1 gene expression compared to PCOS group. Also, the mean relative RFRP-3 gene expression significantly increased in the baclofen-receiving rats in comparison to PCOS group. Furthermore, baclofen did not change GnRH or ghrelin mRNA levels in comparison to PCOS group. According to these results it can be concluded that in PCOS condition the GABAergic signaling pathway may suppress GnRH neural activity via down or up regulation of the intra-hypothalamic neuropeptides upstream of GnRH neurons.
{"title":"A role for GABA agonist in controlling the reproduction of female rats via hypothalamic ghrelin, kisspeptin, and RFRP-3 gene expression","authors":"Elaheh Rahimi Rick, F. Mahmoudi, H. Khazali, A. Asadi, Mahnaz Ghowsi","doi":"10.22067/IJVST.2021.64272.0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22067/IJVST.2021.64272.0","url":null,"abstract":"Kisspeptin stimulates gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH). The GnRH neurons receive inhibitory inputs from ghrelin, RFamide related peptide-3 (RFRP-3), and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurons. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with increased levels of GnRH/LH and kisspeptin, and decreased release of GABA, ghrelin, and RFRP-3. In the present study, the effects of GABAB receptor agonist, baclofen, were investigated on GnRH, KiSS1, RFRP-3, and ghrelin gene expression in the hypothalamus of PCOS model rats. For induction of PCOS, female Wistar rats weighing 180-200g received intra-muscular injection of estradiol valerate. Fifteen PCOS rats in three groups received intraperitoneal injections of saline, 5, or 10 mg/kg baclofen for two weeks. The hypothalamic samples were dissected. Gene expression levels of GnRH, KiSS1, RFRP-3, and ghrelin were determined by real time qPCR method. Results revealed that baclofen significantly decreased the mean relative KiSS1 gene expression compared to PCOS group. Also, the mean relative RFRP-3 gene expression significantly increased in the baclofen-receiving rats in comparison to PCOS group. Furthermore, baclofen did not change GnRH or ghrelin mRNA levels in comparison to PCOS group. According to these results it can be concluded that in PCOS condition the GABAergic signaling pathway may suppress GnRH neural activity via down or up regulation of the intra-hypothalamic neuropeptides upstream of GnRH neurons.","PeriodicalId":36826,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Veterinary Science and Technology","volume":"13 1","pages":"42-47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47314259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-20DOI: 10.22067/IJVST.2021.64318.0
M. Zendehdel, M. Khodadadi, Homeyra Zandiyeh, Kasra Mokhtarpouriani, Behrouz Rahmani, A. Baghbanzadeh
Various neurochemical pathways are participating in the regulation of food intake in mammals and birds. Both oxytocin (OT) and nitric oxide (NO) are known as hypophagic agents in birds. This study consisted of 6 experiments and each experiment had 4 groups (ngroup=11, 5-day-old chickens). In all experiments, 3-hour food-deprived (FD3) birds received intracerebroventricular (ICV) injections either control diluent or drug solution. Then the birds had ad libitum access to the food and fresh water and then cumulative food intake (gr) was measured based on the percentage of the body weight (%BW). In experiments 1 to 3, ICV injections of L-arginine (precursor of NO, 200, 400, and 800 nmol), L-NAME (NOS inhibitor, 100, 200, and 400 nmol) and OT (2.5, 5, and 10 µg) were performed respectively. In experiment 4, each group received any ICV injections of L-NAME (100 nmol), OT (10 µg) or a co-injection of L-NAME (100 nmol) and OT (10 µg). In experiment 5, L-arginine (ICV, 200 nmol), OT (10 µg), or L-arginine (200 nmol) and OT (10 µg) were injected to the groups. Experiment 6 was similar to the experiment 5, although the dose of OT was 2.5 µg in all the treatment groups. Results showed that the ICV injection of L-NAME (100 nmol) significantly attenuated hypophagic effect induced by OT (10 µg) (p < 0.05). Findings suggested that NO might mediate the hypophagic effect of OT in FD3 neonatal layer-type chickens.
{"title":"A newly discovered interference of the central nitrergic system on oxytocin-induced hypophagia in layer-type chickens","authors":"M. Zendehdel, M. Khodadadi, Homeyra Zandiyeh, Kasra Mokhtarpouriani, Behrouz Rahmani, A. Baghbanzadeh","doi":"10.22067/IJVST.2021.64318.0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22067/IJVST.2021.64318.0","url":null,"abstract":"Various neurochemical pathways are participating in the regulation of food intake in mammals and birds. Both oxytocin (OT) and nitric oxide (NO) are known as hypophagic agents in birds. This study consisted of 6 experiments and each experiment had 4 groups (ngroup=11, 5-day-old chickens). In all experiments, 3-hour food-deprived (FD3) birds received intracerebroventricular (ICV) injections either control diluent or drug solution. Then the birds had ad libitum access to the food and fresh water and then cumulative food intake (gr) was measured based on the percentage of the body weight (%BW). In experiments 1 to 3, ICV injections of L-arginine (precursor of NO, 200, 400, and 800 nmol), L-NAME (NOS inhibitor, 100, 200, and 400 nmol) and OT (2.5, 5, and 10 µg) were performed respectively. In experiment 4, each group received any ICV injections of L-NAME (100 nmol), OT (10 µg) or a co-injection of L-NAME (100 nmol) and OT (10 µg). In experiment 5, L-arginine (ICV, 200 nmol), OT (10 µg), or L-arginine (200 nmol) and OT (10 µg) were injected to the groups. Experiment 6 was similar to the experiment 5, although the dose of OT was 2.5 µg in all the treatment groups. Results showed that the ICV injection of L-NAME (100 nmol) significantly attenuated hypophagic effect induced by OT (10 µg) (p < 0.05). Findings suggested that NO might mediate the hypophagic effect of OT in FD3 neonatal layer-type chickens.","PeriodicalId":36826,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Veterinary Science and Technology","volume":"13 1","pages":"22-33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44004838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-20DOI: 10.22067/IJVST.2021.64304.0
H. Obaid, Nauman Fayaq Hussein, Tara Muhammed Obed, Larson Boundenga
This study was carried out to investigate the causative agents of the parasitic diseases affecting common carp (Cyprinus carpio) in aquacultures in the Erbil region. At first, all fish were visually examined, then, microscopic analysis of mucus, skin and fins scrapings and gastrointestinal contents were carried out, confirming that carps are infested by a large diversity of parasites, predominantly affected by Dactylogyrus sp., followed by Trichodina sp., and copepod parasites, with an infection rate of 25.2%, 17.2%, and 13.2%, respectively. On the other hand, the highest mortality was due to infestation by Trichodina sp., Dactylogyrus sp., Ichthyophthirius sp. and Gyrodactylus sp., rating 40%, 35%, 29% and 28%, respectively. Several injuries and ulcerations were observed within gills, over fins and skin of infected fish. In conclusion, the results showed that carp fish from Erbil city are infested by several parasites causing pathological and mechanical injuries, which were associated with high mortality rates in carps.
{"title":"Common Carp ( Cyprinus carpio) parasites diversity and prevalence in Erbil aquacultures: gills, skin and intestinal infections","authors":"H. Obaid, Nauman Fayaq Hussein, Tara Muhammed Obed, Larson Boundenga","doi":"10.22067/IJVST.2021.64304.0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22067/IJVST.2021.64304.0","url":null,"abstract":"This study was carried out to investigate the causative agents of the parasitic diseases affecting common carp (Cyprinus carpio) in aquacultures in the Erbil region. At first, all fish were visually examined, then, microscopic analysis of mucus, skin and fins scrapings and gastrointestinal contents were carried out, confirming that carps are infested by a large diversity of parasites, predominantly affected by Dactylogyrus sp., followed by Trichodina sp., and copepod parasites, with an infection rate of 25.2%, 17.2%, and 13.2%, respectively. On the other hand, the highest mortality was due to infestation by Trichodina sp., Dactylogyrus sp., Ichthyophthirius sp. and Gyrodactylus sp., rating 40%, 35%, 29% and 28%, respectively. Several injuries and ulcerations were observed within gills, over fins and skin of infected fish. In conclusion, the results showed that carp fish from Erbil city are infested by several parasites causing pathological and mechanical injuries, which were associated with high mortality rates in carps.","PeriodicalId":36826,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Veterinary Science and Technology","volume":"13 1","pages":"34-41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43739257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-19DOI: 10.22067/IJVST.2021.68272.1009
Seyed-Elias Tabatabaeizadeh, R. Toroghi, Naser Margan Azghadi, H. Farzin, Shahram Sharghi, Mojgan Sarani, M. Mojaver, Javad Alami Abardeh, M. Ghorbanzadeh, M. Torabi, A. Sadrebazzaz, Mojtaba Fakhraei, Nafiseh Keyvanirad, E. Vojudi, M. K. Azghandi, T. Mardani
Infectious bronchitis (IB), caused by infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), is one of the most important respiratory diseases in poultry. The implementation of preventive measures, including vaccination and biosecurity, is necessary for controlling the disease. To maintain biosecurity, it is important to identify the entry route of new viruses into a region and characterizing markers such as unique mutations that make viruses traceable. During a genotyping study for IBV infected commercial chicken flocks in Khorasan Razavi province, 11 viruses from 11 broiler and layer chicken flocks were detected in different cities by PCR. Sequencing of the S1 partial gene followed by phylogenetic analysis showed that eight viruses can be classified in GI-23 lineage (Is-Variant2), two viruses are classified in GI-1 lineage (Mass), and one virus is classified in GI-12 lineage (793B). Although detected viruses of GI-23 lineage are originated from Iran, seven viruses have synonymous (T954C and G1056A) and non-synonymous (C797T) mutations that have not been previously reported. It was found that the new genetic changes in Iranian IBVs of GI-23 lineage occurred in two different regions in Khorasan Razavi. In conclusion, this study indicates that the high prevalence of GI-23 lineage viruses in Iran may enhance the chance of virus mutations and the emergence of new viral strains, so effective vaccination and biosecurity measures are required to control the virus spread.
{"title":"Detection of mutant infectious bronchitis viruses of GI-23 lineage from commercial chicken flocks in Khorasan Razavi province, Iran in 2019","authors":"Seyed-Elias Tabatabaeizadeh, R. Toroghi, Naser Margan Azghadi, H. Farzin, Shahram Sharghi, Mojgan Sarani, M. Mojaver, Javad Alami Abardeh, M. Ghorbanzadeh, M. Torabi, A. Sadrebazzaz, Mojtaba Fakhraei, Nafiseh Keyvanirad, E. Vojudi, M. K. Azghandi, T. Mardani","doi":"10.22067/IJVST.2021.68272.1009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22067/IJVST.2021.68272.1009","url":null,"abstract":"Infectious bronchitis (IB), caused by infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), is one of the most important respiratory diseases in poultry. The implementation of preventive measures, including vaccination and biosecurity, is necessary for controlling the disease. To maintain biosecurity, it is important to identify the entry route of new viruses into a region and characterizing markers such as unique mutations that make viruses traceable. During a genotyping study for IBV infected commercial chicken flocks in Khorasan Razavi province, 11 viruses from 11 broiler and layer chicken flocks were detected in different cities by PCR. Sequencing of the S1 partial gene followed by phylogenetic analysis showed that eight viruses can be classified in GI-23 lineage (Is-Variant2), two viruses are classified in GI-1 lineage (Mass), and one virus is classified in GI-12 lineage (793B). Although detected viruses of GI-23 lineage are originated from Iran, seven viruses have synonymous (T954C and G1056A) and non-synonymous (C797T) mutations that have not been previously reported. It was found that the new genetic changes in Iranian IBVs of GI-23 lineage occurred in two different regions in Khorasan Razavi. In conclusion, this study indicates that the high prevalence of GI-23 lineage viruses in Iran may enhance the chance of virus mutations and the emergence of new viral strains, so effective vaccination and biosecurity measures are required to control the virus spread.","PeriodicalId":36826,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Veterinary Science and Technology","volume":"13 1","pages":"14-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48011758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.22067/IJVST.2021.68615.1014
A. Jafari, Sahar Asadolahizoj, M. Rasekh, D. Saadati, F. Faghihi, M. Fazlalipour, A. Lotfi, Mojtaba Beik Mohammadi, A. Hosseini-Chegeni
Ticks are vectors for several important zoonoses including different species of Anaplasma. The present study aims to determine the presence of Anaplasma spp. in hard ticks collected from livestock of South-Khorasan province, Iran. A total of 684 livestock were sampled and 269 ticks were collected. Two genera and 6 species of ticks were identified including Rhipicephalus sanguineus, Hyalomma detritium, Hyalomma marginatum, Hyalomma anatolicum, Hyalomma asiaticum, Hyalomma dromedarii and Hyalomma spp. Eleven Hyalomma nymphs and 3 Rhipicephalus nymphs were also identified. 100 Out of 269 ticks were chosen for molecular detection. DNA was extracted followed by PCR technique to detect Anaplasma spp. The presence of Anaplasma spp. was confirmed in 20 out of 100 tested samples (20%). All positive samples collected from Birjand county were Rhipicephalus sanguineus. Results of the present study showed a relatively high infection rate of Anaplasma in hard ticks in South-Khorasan Province.
{"title":"Hard ticks circulate Anaplasma spp. in South-Khorasan province, Iran","authors":"A. Jafari, Sahar Asadolahizoj, M. Rasekh, D. Saadati, F. Faghihi, M. Fazlalipour, A. Lotfi, Mojtaba Beik Mohammadi, A. Hosseini-Chegeni","doi":"10.22067/IJVST.2021.68615.1014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22067/IJVST.2021.68615.1014","url":null,"abstract":"Ticks are vectors for several important zoonoses including different species of Anaplasma. The present study aims to determine the presence of Anaplasma spp. in hard ticks collected from livestock of South-Khorasan province, Iran. A total of 684 livestock were sampled and 269 ticks were collected. Two genera and 6 species of ticks were identified including Rhipicephalus sanguineus, Hyalomma detritium, Hyalomma marginatum, Hyalomma anatolicum, Hyalomma asiaticum, Hyalomma dromedarii and Hyalomma spp. Eleven Hyalomma nymphs and 3 Rhipicephalus nymphs were also identified. 100 Out of 269 ticks were chosen for molecular detection. DNA was extracted followed by PCR technique to detect Anaplasma spp. The presence of Anaplasma spp. was confirmed in 20 out of 100 tested samples (20%). All positive samples collected from Birjand county were Rhipicephalus sanguineus. Results of the present study showed a relatively high infection rate of Anaplasma in hard ticks in South-Khorasan Province.","PeriodicalId":36826,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Veterinary Science and Technology","volume":"13 1","pages":"97-101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49254996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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