A comparative analysis of two cases of language death and maintenance in post-Islam Egypt and Great Khorāsān: reasons and motives

IF 1.1 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS International Journal of the Sociology of Language Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI:10.1515/ijsl-2022-0053
F. Dehghan, Masoumeh Dehghan, M. Farkhondehzadeh
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Abstract

Abstract This paper compares two areas of Egypt and Khorāsān in post-Islamic era regarding the loss and maintenance of their mother tongues. While in Egypt, Coptic was gradually removed from both formal and colloquial usages, in Khorāsān, Persian (Farsi or Parsi Dari), though was out of official and governmental services for more than two centuries, was able to finally maintain its status. The most important reason found behind this difference can be attributed to the independence seeking movements in Khorāsān (e.g. Sho’ūbieh), leading to the establishment of the first post-Islamic independent Iranian governments who supported the revival of Iranian culture and the maintenance of Persian language. Secondly, the migration of Arab tribes and the Arabization of the conquered societies were more successful in Egypt compared to Eastern Iran, which changed the demographic composition of Egypt. Moreover, the role of Persian-speaking epic poets, the social class of dihgāns in Iranian society and the fact that Coptic was not as old a language as Persian are other important reasons. It is argued that language maintenance can happen better in cases where top–down governmental and institutional support exists.
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后伊斯兰时代埃及和大呼伦两起语言死亡和维持案例的比较分析:原因和动机
摘要本文比较了后伊斯兰时代埃及和Khorāsān两个地区对母语的丧失和维护。在埃及,科普特语逐渐从正式和口语用法中删除,在Khorāsān,波斯语(波斯语或帕西-达里语)虽然在两个多世纪里没有官方和政府服务,但最终得以保持其地位。这一差异背后最重要的原因可以归因于Khorāsān(如Sho’úbieh)寻求独立的运动,导致了第一个后伊斯兰独立的伊朗政府的成立,这些政府支持伊朗文化的复兴和波斯语的维护。其次,与伊朗东部相比,阿拉伯部落的迁移和被征服社会的阿拉伯化在埃及更为成功,这改变了埃及的人口构成。此外,讲波斯语的史诗诗人的作用、伊朗社会中的dihgāns社会阶层以及科普特语不如波斯语那么古老的事实也是其他重要原因。有人认为,在存在自上而下的政府和机构支持的情况下,语言维护可以更好地进行。
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来源期刊
International Journal of the Sociology of Language
International Journal of the Sociology of Language Arts and Humanities-Language and Linguistics
CiteScore
2.30
自引率
0.00%
发文量
66
期刊介绍: The International Journal of the Sociology of Language (IJSL) is dedicated to the development of the sociology of language as a truly international and interdisciplinary field in which various approaches – theoretical and empirical – supplement and complement each other, contributing thereby to the growth of language-related knowledge, applications, values and sensitivities. Five of the journal''s annual issues are topically focused, all of the articles in such issues being commissioned in advance, after acceptance of proposals. One annual issue is reserved for single articles on the sociology of language. Selected issues throughout the year also feature a contribution on small languages and small language communities.
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