The 1821 eruption of Bridgeman Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctica: an observed Capelinhos-style hydrovolcanic event

IF 1.8 4区 地球科学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Antarctic Science Pub Date : 2023-07-12 DOI:10.1017/s0954102023000111
J. Smellie, S. Kraus, K. Williams
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引用次数: 1

Abstract

The first recorded volcanic eruption in Antarctica occurred on Bridgeman Island (South Shetland Islands) in early 1821, < 2 years after Antarctica was discovered. However, the observations were disputed owing to a lack of physical evidence. A consensus arose that they probably referred to Penguin Island, a young volcano with a well-formed volcanic cone situated just 60 km to the west. However, a recent re-examination of the historical reports demonstrated that the event was undoubtedly located at Bridgeman Island. Our new study demonstrates that the eruption was explosive and lasted throughout 1821. The vent was situated in the sea ~500 m to the west of Bridgeman Island and the eruption was hydrovolcanic (Surtseyan). The new volcano constructed a tuff ring composed of unconsolidated lapilli and ash, which rapidly coalesced with nearby Bridgeman Island, similar to how the Capelinhos volcano joined with neighbouring Faial (Azores) in 1957–1958. The tuff ring had a very low profile and was rapidly removed by marine erosion. However, fumarolic activity persisted for a few decades. Because the eruption is only 200 years old, the underlying volcanic construct (Bridgeman Rise) should be regarded as dormant rather than extinct.
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1821年南极南设得兰群岛布里奇曼岛火山爆发:一次观测到的Capelinhos型水火山事件
1821年初,南极洲首次有记录的火山喷发发生在布里奇曼岛(南设得兰群岛),距离南极洲被发现不到2年。然而,由于缺乏实物证据,这些意见存在争议。人们一致认为,他们可能指的是企鹅岛,这是一座年轻的火山,西面60公里处有一个形成良好的火山锥。然而,最近对历史报道的重新审查表明,该事件无疑发生在布里奇曼岛。我们的新研究表明,这次喷发具有爆炸性,并持续了整个1821年。该火山口位于布里奇曼岛以西约500米的海域,火山喷发为水火山喷发(Surtseyan)。新火山建造了一个由松散的火山灰和火山灰组成的凝灰岩环,这些凝灰岩环与附近的布里奇曼岛迅速融合,类似于1957年至1958年卡佩利尼奥斯火山与邻近的法亚尔(亚速尔群岛)的结合。凝灰岩环的剖面非常低,并被海洋侵蚀迅速清除。然而,延胡索酸活性持续了几十年。因为这次火山喷发只有200年的历史,所以下面的火山构造(布里奇曼隆起)应该被视为休眠而不是灭绝。
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来源期刊
Antarctic Science
Antarctic Science 地学-地球科学综合
CiteScore
3.60
自引率
6.20%
发文量
42
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: Antarctic Science provides a truly international forum for the broad spread of studies that increasingly characterise scientific research in the Antarctic. Whilst emphasising interdisciplinary work, the journal publishes papers from environmental management to biodiversity, from volcanoes to icebergs, and from oceanography to the upper atmosphere. No other journal covers such a wide range of Antarctic scientific studies. The journal attracts papers from all countries currently undertaking Antarctic research. It publishes both review and data papers with no limits on length, two-page short notes on technical developments and recent discoveries, and book reviews. These, together with an editorial discussing broader aspects of science, provide a rich and varied mixture of items to interest researchers in all areas of science. There are no page charges, or charges for colour, to authors publishing in the Journal. One issue each year is normally devoted to a specific theme or papers from a major meeting.
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