Relación entre sobrepeso y obesidad materna con cardiopatías congénitas. Estudio retrospectivo caso-control en el área norte de Buenos Aires

Abstract

Background

There are discrepancies around maternal pre-conception overweight and obesity and structural congenital heart disease (CHD). The worldwide prevalence of overweight and obesity has increased in women of reproductive age and this could have an impact on the health care of newborn babies.

Objectives

To estimate the risk for CHD associated with pre-conception maternal overweight and obesity in the study area.

Material and methods

A quantitative, analytical, and observational retrospective case-control and anonymised study was conducted on newborns babies with a CHD entered in the National Registry of Congenital Malformations (RENAC). They were compared against others without any malformations, in a proportion of 1:1 between 2011 and 2014.

Results

A total of 22 mother-infants pairs were included in the RENAC. According to the pre-conception BMI, the prevalence of overweight was 4/22, obesity 6/22, and normal weight 12/22. The distribution of other factors present between cases and controls was similar, with no significant differences. The distribution of CHD was similar in those with normal weight (12/22) and overweight and obesity (10/22), with no statistically significant differences. Compared with normal-weight women, the relative risk of CHD associated with maternal overweight and obesity was 1 (95% CI; 0.55-1.81) with an odds ratio of 1 (95% CI; 0.30-3.27). Septal defects were the most frequent CHD (Q21).

Conclusions

No significant relationship was found between pre-conception maternal overweight-obesity and CHD in our newborns.