Warming adversely affects density but not growth of balsam fir regeneration across a climatic gradient in the Acadian Forest Region of eastern Canada

IF 1.7 3区 农林科学 Q2 FORESTRY Canadian Journal of Forest Research Pub Date : 2023-08-04 DOI:10.1139/cjfr-2023-0126
Joe H. Collier, D. Maclean, A. Taylor, L. D’Orangeville
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Abstract

Balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.) is projected to decline in the Acadian Forest Region under climate change. We hypothesized that along a 700 km latitudinal gradient with increasing mean annual temperature from New Brunswick to Nova Scotia, Canada, balsam fir regeneration density and growth rates would 1) decline with warming, and 2) decline more in immature than in mature stands due to greater exposure to adverse climate conditions. Regeneration density, height growth, and lateral branch growth were measured in 30 mature and 28 immature plots and related to climate and stand variables using generalized additive models. Balsam fir regeneration density was negatively affected by increased mean annual temperature and increased with summer precipitation, supporting our first hypothesis, but varied by height class. Canopy cover significantly affected seedling density, but its effect varied by substrate type (coniferous litter and dry moss litter), with seedling density being greatest under low canopy cover for large seedlings and greatest at intermediate canopy cover for small seedlings. Seedling growth rates were determined by height class, canopy cover, precipitation, and coniferous litter cover. Stand maturity did not significantly affect fir regeneration density or growth rates. Our results indicate that over time, increasing mean annual temperature may reduce balsam fir regeneration density within the Acadian Forest Region, while the marginal summer precipitation increases may lead to small gains in growth.
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在加拿大东部的阿卡迪亚森林地区,气候变暖对香脂冷杉再生的密度产生了不利影响,但对其生长没有影响
Balsam fir预计在气候变化的影响下,阿卡迪亚森林地区的降雨量将下降。我们假设,从新不伦瑞克省到加拿大新斯科舍省,沿着700公里的纬度梯度,随着年平均气温的升高,香脂冷杉的再生密度和生长率将1)随着气候变暖而下降,2)由于更多地暴露在不利的气候条件下,未成熟林分的再生密度下降幅度大于成熟林分。在30个成熟和28个未成熟地块上测量了再生密度、高度生长和侧枝生长,并使用广义加性模型与气候和林分变量相关。Balsam fir再生密度受到年平均温度升高的负面影响,并随着夏季降水量的增加而增加,这支持了我们的第一个假设,但因高度等级而异。冠层覆盖显著影响幼苗密度,但其影响因基质类型(针叶落叶和干苔藓落叶)而异,其中大苗在低冠层覆盖下的幼苗密度最大,小苗在中等冠层覆盖下最大。幼苗生长速率由高度等级、冠层覆盖率、降水量和针叶落叶层覆盖率决定。林分成熟度对杉木再生密度和生长速率没有显著影响。我们的研究结果表明,随着时间的推移,年平均温度的升高可能会降低阿卡迪亚林区的香脂冷杉再生密度,而夏季降水量的增加可能会导致生长的小幅增长。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
4.20
自引率
9.10%
发文量
109
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: Published since 1971, the Canadian Journal of Forest Research is a monthly journal that features articles, reviews, notes and concept papers on a broad spectrum of forest sciences, including biometrics, conservation, disturbances, ecology, economics, entomology, genetics, hydrology, management, nutrient cycling, pathology, physiology, remote sensing, silviculture, social sciences, soils, stand dynamics, and wood science, all in relation to the understanding or management of ecosystem services. It also publishes special issues dedicated to a topic of current interest.
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