Current status of Sodium-Glucose Co-Transporter Type 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors in treating diabetes mellitus

Abstract

Background: Diabetes Mellitus is a spreading pandemic to the countries around the globe, despite of scientific breakthroughs and better healthcare facilities. Sodium-Glucose Co-Transporter Type 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) are the latest class of oral anti-hyperglycemic agents that have been approved for the treatment of type II diabetes mellitus. Aim: In this review, we have comprehended the evidence for antidiabetic and extra-glycaemic effects of SGLT2i. Materials and Methods: The information is collected based on safety trials, randomized controlled trials (RCT), meta-analyses and real-world data. Results: SGLT2i are rapidly establishing their role in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. The beneficial effects extend beyond glycaemic control, impressive cardio protective and Reno protective effects and included improvement in blood pressure, uric acid concentrations, body weight and oxidative stress. Conclusion: Especially in patients with type 2 diabetes, SGLT2 inhibitors may be another option in those patients requiring additional glucose lowering and in those with acceptable risk factors. More research on the long term outcomes of SGLT2i is warranted. Keywords: Canagliflozin, Dapagliflozin, Empagliflozin, Ertugliflozin, Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors, Sotagliflozin, Type 2 diabetes mellitus.