Turfgrass Use on US Golf Courses

IF 1 4区 农林科学 Q3 HORTICULTURE Horttechnology Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI:10.21273/horttech05238-23
T. Shaddox, J. B. Unruh, Mark Johnson, C. D. Brown, G. Stacey
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Abstract

Golf facilities account for 2.3 million acres in the United States. Numerous turfgrass species are managed on US golf facilities, but golf facilities may change turfgrasses depending on numerous variables. Knowing which turfgrasses are grown and how turfgrass selection has changed would provide important information to scientists, turfgrass managers, and policymakers. The objective of this survey was to measure turfgrass use on US golf facilities in 2021 and to determine whether changes in turfgrass selection have occurred since 2005. A survey was developed and distributed via e-mail to 13,938 US golf facilities, with 1861 responding. From 2005 to 2021, the total projected area of maintained turfgrass on US golf facilities decreased by 14.2%, which was likely a result of course closures and maintenance operations. Nationally, bermudagrass (Cynodon sp.) and Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis) remained the most common warm- and cool-season turfgrasses, respectively. The area of winter-overseeded turfgrass declined by 60% between 2005 and 2021. The percentage of golf facilities that used zoysiagrass (Zoysia sp.) and seashore paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum) increased depending on region and specific playing surface, albeit a pragmatically minor increase. In general, turfgrass selection on golf facilities in northern climates did not change, whereas turfgrass selection in southern climates favored a change from cool- to warm-season species, depending on the playing surface. Whether in historically cool-season or warm-season regions, it appears that many golf facilities are exploring alternatives to their traditional turfgrass species.
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草坪在美国高尔夫球场上的使用
高尔夫设施在美国占地230万英亩。美国高尔夫设施管理着许多草坪草物种,但高尔夫设施可能会根据许多变量改变草坪草。了解哪些草坪草是生长的,以及草坪草的选择是如何变化的,将为科学家、草坪草管理者和政策制定者提供重要信息。这项调查的目的是衡量2021年美国高尔夫设施的草坪草使用情况,并确定自2005年以来草坪草选择是否发生了变化。一项调查通过电子邮件编制并分发给13938家美国高尔夫设施,1861家做出了回应。从2005年到2021年,美国高尔夫设施的草坪总预计面积减少了14.2%,这可能是球场关闭和维护作业的结果。在全国范围内,狗牙根(Cynodon sp.)和肯塔基蓝草(Poa pratensis)分别是最常见的暖季和冷季草坪草。2005年至2021年间,冬季监管的草坪面积下降了60%。使用结缕草(Zoysia sp.)和海滨雀鲷(阴道雀鲷)的高尔夫设施的百分比随着地区和特定比赛场地的不同而增加,尽管实际上略有增加。总的来说,在北方气候下,高尔夫设施上的草坪草选择没有改变,而在南方气候下,根据比赛场地的不同,草坪草的选择倾向于从冷季物种变为暖季物种。无论是在历史上凉爽的季节还是温暖的季节,似乎许多高尔夫设施都在探索传统草坪草的替代品。
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来源期刊
Horttechnology
Horttechnology 农林科学-园艺
CiteScore
2.30
自引率
10.00%
发文量
67
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: HortTechnology serves as the primary outreach publication of the American Society for Horticultural Science. Its mission is to provide science-based information to professional horticulturists, practitioners, and educators; promote and encourage an interchange of ideas among scientists, educators, and professionals working in horticulture; and provide an opportunity for peer review of practical horticultural information.
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