Adverse Health Effects of Low Dose of Ionizing Radiation among Health Care Workers

Abstract

Introduction: Ionizing radiation (IR) is an occupational hazard that can induce many biological effects on exposed health care workers (HCWs). However, the health risks of low dose (below 100mSv) are controversial due to a lack of direct evidence on human. Aim of work: To identify the adverse health effects of exposure to low dose of ionizing radiation on general health status of health care workers at Ain Shams University hospitals. Materials and methods: A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted including 50 HCWs from different departments of Ain Shams University hospitals: exposed group (exposed to IR for at least I year) (No=25) and matched unexposed control group (No =25). Both groups were interviewed using a structured questionnaire. Complete blood count was done for both groups. Recording readings of personal exposure to IR by badge film dosimeter was done after approval from workplace authority. Results: Regarding general health status and wellbeing of workers, most of exposed group had perception of average health status, while most of unexposed group had perception of good health status. Significantly higher sickness absenteeism during the last 6 months was found among the exposed group. A significant adverse health effects, were recorded among exposed compared to control group as hair fall, musculoskeletal pain, pain in upper abdomen, constipation, decreased visual acuity, in addition to be easily agitated. During the last 30 days exposed group had significantly higher frequencies of GIT disturbances and common cold or infections in comparison to unexposed group. Results showed that the Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH), absolute lymphocyte and monocyte counts were significantly lower while relative basophils % was significantly higher among exposed in comparison to unexposed group (although all parameters were within normal range in both groups). Conclusion and recommendations: Chronic exposure to IR -even in small dose- may lead to significant health complains (adverse health effects) and may affect general health status among exposed group compared to the control one. Personal monitoring for ionizing radiation, periodic medical examination, and increasing level of protection for exposed workers are of utmost importance.