Memory Reflections of the Microbiota-Gut and Oligodendrocyte Axis.

Suman Kumar Ray, Sukhes Mukherjee
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Abstract

Memory is the persisting consequence of cognitive activities instigated by and engrossed on exterior information from the environment and commenced by an intensive on internal mental representations. Establishing a gut-brain axis (GBA) in health and disease has recently brought the gut, the main portal of communication with the external environment, to the forefront of this interaction. Dietary stimuli have long been linked to brain development, behavioral responses, and memory reflections. Vagus nerve, immune system, bacterial metabolites and products are just a few of the linkages that make up the GBA, a bidirectional arrangement of signaling pathways that connects the neurological system with the gastrointestinal tract. GBA involves two-way communication between central and enteric neural systems, connecting the brain's affective and cognitive regions to peripheral activities of the intestine. Recent scientific progress has highlighted the significance of gut microbiota in affecting these relationships. By controlling myelination at the prefrontal cortex, a crucial area for multifaceted cognitive behavior forecast and decision-making, this axis influences social behavior, including memory reflections. Humans may experience late myelination of the prefrontal cortex's axonal projections into the third decade of life, making it vulnerable to outside factors like microbial metabolites. It has been demonstrated that changes in the gut microbiome can change the microbial metabolome's composition, impacting highly permeable bioactive chemicals like p-cresol that may hinder oligodendrocyte differentiation. This review will discuss the memory reflections of the microbiota-gut and oligodendrocyte axis. Adopting this concept should encourage a new arena of thinking that recognizes the intricate central and periphery dynamics influencing behavior and uses that knowledge to develop novel therapies and interventions for maladjusted memory and learning systems.

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微生物群肠道和少突胶质细胞轴的记忆反射。
记忆是由来自环境的外部信息激发和吸引的认知活动的持续结果,并由密集的内部心理表征开始。在健康和疾病中建立肠脑轴(GBA)最近将肠道——与外部环境沟通的主要门户——带到了这种互动的前沿。长期以来,饮食刺激与大脑发育、行为反应和记忆反射有关。迷走神经、免疫系统、细菌代谢产物和产物只是构成GBA的几个环节,GBA是连接神经系统和胃肠道的信号通路的双向排列。GBA涉及中枢和肠道神经系统之间的双向交流,将大脑的情感和认知区域与肠道的外围活动联系起来。最近的科学进展突出了肠道微生物群在影响这些关系方面的重要性。通过控制前额叶皮层的髓鞘形成,这个轴影响社会行为,包括记忆反射。前额叶皮层是多方面认知行为预测和决策的关键区域。人类在生命的第三个十年可能会经历前额叶皮层轴突投射的髓鞘形成晚期,使其容易受到微生物代谢产物等外部因素的影响。已经证明,肠道微生物组的变化可以改变微生物代谢组的组成,影响对甲酚等高渗透性生物活性化学物质,这些化学物质可能阻碍少突胶质细胞的分化。这篇综述将讨论微生物群肠道和少突胶质细胞轴的记忆反射。采用这一概念应该鼓励建立一个新的思维领域,认识到影响行为的复杂的中心和外围动态,并利用这些知识为适应不良的记忆和学习系统开发新的疗法和干预措施。
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