Xiaojun Wu, Chao Wu, Diyan Yang, Jie Yin, Jiagang Wu
{"title":"Strain regulation via composition and valence dependent substitution in BNT-based solid solutions","authors":"Xiaojun Wu, Chao Wu, Diyan Yang, Jie Yin, Jiagang Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.apmate.2022.100079","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Simultaneous composition and valence-dependent strain regulation is achieved in lead-free (Bi<sub>0.5</sub>Na<sub>0.4</sub>K<sub>0.1</sub>)<sub>1-2<em>x</em></sub>Sm<sub>2<em>x</em></sub>Ti<sub>1-<em>x</em></sub>Mn<sub><em>x</em></sub>O<sub>3</sub> (BNKT-SM100<em>x</em>) ceramics by a facile co-doping design with Sm<sup>3+</sup> and Mn<sup>2+</sup>. By simply controlling the sintering temperature, Mn ions exhibited mixed-oxidation states with different ion radius and electronic structures, further adjusting the crystalline field. The regulated disorder degree finally induced large electro-strain (0.445%) under appropriate doping contents (<em>x</em> = 0.01) and sintering temperature (1150 °C). Moreover, the random effect of Mn<sup>2+</sup> (arising from the different valence and radius comparing with Ti<sup>4+</sup>) is stronger than the pinning effect due to the suppressed oxygen vacancies, and the different crystal structures may also affect the role of Mn<sup>2+</sup>. The domain morphologies with mixed nanodomain and ferroelectric domain were observed in the BNKT-SM1 ceramics, further demonstrating the coexistence of random effect and pinning effect. It is believed that the self-strain regulation phenomenon in this work may serve as an effective strategy for designing ferroelectrics with high strain performance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7283,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Powder Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"3","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Advanced Powder Materials","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772834X22000628","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Abstract
Simultaneous composition and valence-dependent strain regulation is achieved in lead-free (Bi0.5Na0.4K0.1)1-2xSm2xTi1-xMnxO3 (BNKT-SM100x) ceramics by a facile co-doping design with Sm3+ and Mn2+. By simply controlling the sintering temperature, Mn ions exhibited mixed-oxidation states with different ion radius and electronic structures, further adjusting the crystalline field. The regulated disorder degree finally induced large electro-strain (0.445%) under appropriate doping contents (x = 0.01) and sintering temperature (1150 °C). Moreover, the random effect of Mn2+ (arising from the different valence and radius comparing with Ti4+) is stronger than the pinning effect due to the suppressed oxygen vacancies, and the different crystal structures may also affect the role of Mn2+. The domain morphologies with mixed nanodomain and ferroelectric domain were observed in the BNKT-SM1 ceramics, further demonstrating the coexistence of random effect and pinning effect. It is believed that the self-strain regulation phenomenon in this work may serve as an effective strategy for designing ferroelectrics with high strain performance.