Manuel Monge , María Fátima Romero Rojo , Luis A. Gil-Alana
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
The impact of COVID-19 on water-related equity indices is analyzed in this paper for different regions around the world by using fractionally integrated methods and an artificial neural network model. Using fractional integration, a lack of mean reversion is observed in all cases except in the USA, which means that, for these regions, a change in the trend will be permanent after COVID-19 unless additional measures are implemented. At the same time, a structural break is observed in all cases between the 4th and March 10, 2020, likely due to the drastic lockdown imposed in many if not most countries. Long memory was tested for the post-break period and mean reversion was found not only in North America but also in Europe. Moreover, the results were strongly aligned with those obtained using the neural network model. This suggests that the water-related equity indices and associated levels of investments in water and related utilities have moved back to their pre-Covid-19 levels.
期刊介绍：
Water Resources and Economics is one of a series of specialist titles launched by the highly-regarded Water Research. For the purpose of sustainable water resources management, understanding the multiple connections and feedback mechanisms between water resources and the economy is crucial. Water Resources and Economics addresses the financial and economic dimensions associated with water resources use and governance, across different economic sectors like agriculture, energy, industry, shipping, recreation and urban and rural water supply, at local, regional and transboundary scale.
Topics of interest include (but are not restricted to) the economics of:
Aquatic ecosystem services-
Blue economy-
Climate change and flood risk management-
Climate smart agriculture-
Coastal management-
Droughts and water scarcity-
Environmental flows-
Eutrophication-
Food, water, energy nexus-
Groundwater management-
Hydropower generation-
Hydrological risks and uncertainties-
Marine resources-
Nature-based solutions-
Resource recovery-
River restoration-
Storm water harvesting-
Transboundary water allocation-
Urban water management-
Wastewater treatment-
Watershed management-
Water health risks-
Water pollution-
Water quality management-
Water security-
Water stress-
Water technology innovation.
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