Detection of multiple tick-borne pathogens in Ixodes scapularis from Hunterdon County, NJ, USA

Zoe E. Narvaez , Tadhgh Rainey , Rose Puelle , Arsala Khan , Robert A. Jordan , Andrea M. Egizi , Dana C. Price
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Abstract

Several human pathogens vectored by the blacklegged tick (Ixodes scapularis Say; Acari: Ixodidae) are endemic in the state of New Jersey. Disease incidence data suggest that these conditions occur disproportionately in the northwestern portion of the state, including in the county of Hunterdon. We conducted active surveillance at three forested sites in Hunterdon County during 2020 and 2021, collecting 662 nymphal and adult I. scapularis. Ticks were tested for five pathogens by qPCR/qRT-PCR: Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Babesia microti, Borrelia burgdorferi, Borrelia miyamotoi, and Powassan virus (POWV) lineage 2. Over 2 years, 25.4% of nymphs and 58.4% of adults were found infected with at least one pathogen, with 10.6% of all ticks infected with more than one pathogen. We report substantial spatial and temporal variability of A. phagocytophilum and B. burgdorferi, with high relative abundance of the human-infective A. phagocytophilum variant Ap-ha. Notably, POWV was detected for the first time in Hunterdon, a county where human cases have not been reported. Based on comparisons with active surveillance initiatives in nearby counties, further investigation of non-entomological factors potentially influencing rates of tick-borne illness in Hunterdon is recommended.

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美国新泽西州Hunterdon县肩胛硬蜱中多种蜱传病原体的检测
由黑腿蜱传播的几种人类病原体(肩胛硬蜱;阿卡里:硬蜱科)在新泽西州流行。疾病发病率数据表明,这些情况在该州西北部不成比例地发生,包括亨特登县。2020年和2021年,我们在Hunterdon县的三个森林地点进行了积极的监测,收集了662只若虫和成年肩胛I.caparis。通过qPCR/qRT-PCR检测蜱的五种病原体:吞噬细胞无浆体、微小巴贝斯虫、伯氏疏螺旋体、米亚莫托疏螺旋体和波瓦桑病毒(POWV)谱系2。在两年多的时间里,25.4%的若虫和58.4%的成虫被发现感染了至少一种病原体,10.6%的蜱虫感染了一种以上的病原体。我们报道了嗜吞噬细胞A.bacterophilum和B.burgdorferi在空间和时间上的显著变异,人类感染性嗜吞噬细胞A.变体Ap-ha的相对丰度较高。值得注意的是,POWV是在Hunterdon县首次被检测到的,该县尚未报告人类病例。根据与附近县积极监测举措的比较,建议进一步调查可能影响Hunterdon蜱传疾病发病率的非昆虫学因素。
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