Pedro J. Sánchez-Soto , Eduardo Garzón , Luis Pérez-Villarejo , Dolores Eliche-Quesada
{"title":"Sintering behaviour of a clay containing pyrophyllite, sericite and kaolinite as ceramic raw materials: Looking for the optimum firing conditions","authors":"Pedro J. Sánchez-Soto , Eduardo Garzón , Luis Pérez-Villarejo , Dolores Eliche-Quesada","doi":"10.1016/j.bsecv.2021.09.001","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The sintering behaviour of a pyrophyllite clay has been investigated. The mineralogical composition by X-ray diffraction (XRD) of this sample was ∼35<!--> <!-->wt.% pyrophyllite, ∼25<!--> <!-->wt.% sericite/illite, ∼15<!--> <!-->wt.% kaolinite and ∼20<!--> <!-->wt.% quartz. The chemical composition was consistent with these results, with a total flux content of 4.18<!--> <!-->wt.%. Prismatic bars were prepared by dry pressing using this sample and fired in the range 800–1500<!--> <!-->°C with 0.5–5<!--> <!-->h of soaking times. Sintering diagrams were obtained using the results of linear firing shrinkage, water absorption capacity, bulk density and apparent porosity determined in the ceramic bodies as a function of firing temperatures. It was found a trend of slight variations of bulk density values firing in the range 1000–1150<!--> <!-->°C, with marked decreases of these values for these bodies fired at 1200<!--> <!-->°C and 1300<!--> <!-->°C. The temperature of maximum bulk density was determined as ∼1200<!--> <!-->°C and the vitrification temperature was ∼1300<!--> <!-->°C where the apparent porosity becomes almost zero. The vitrification process of the pyrophyllite clay sample was investigated using a method previously described in the literature, which considered an Arrhenius approach under isothermal conditions and a first order kinetic. It was determined an activation energy (<em>E</em><sub>a</sub>) of ∼45<!--> <!-->kJ/mol with a linear correlation coefficient of 0.998. The relative rates of vitrification were calculated. It was found that the contribution of vitrification due to the heating was relatively small compared to the vitrification during soaking. Mullite and quartz are forming the ceramic bodies besides a vitreous or glassy phase. The thermally treated pyrophyllite clay showed a dense network of rod-shaped and elongated needle-like crystals, being characteristic features of mullite as a dense felt. The vitrification rate equation, as deduced in this study by first time, can be a useful tool to estimate the optimum firing conditions of the pyrophyllite clays applied as ceramic raw materials.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56330,"journal":{"name":"Boletin de la Sociedad Espanola de Ceramica y Vidrio","volume":"62 1","pages":"Pages 26-39"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7000,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"2","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Boletin de la Sociedad Espanola de Ceramica y Vidrio","FirstCategoryId":"88","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0366317521000741","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"MATERIALS SCIENCE, CERAMICS","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Abstract
The sintering behaviour of a pyrophyllite clay has been investigated. The mineralogical composition by X-ray diffraction (XRD) of this sample was ∼35 wt.% pyrophyllite, ∼25 wt.% sericite/illite, ∼15 wt.% kaolinite and ∼20 wt.% quartz. The chemical composition was consistent with these results, with a total flux content of 4.18 wt.%. Prismatic bars were prepared by dry pressing using this sample and fired in the range 800–1500 °C with 0.5–5 h of soaking times. Sintering diagrams were obtained using the results of linear firing shrinkage, water absorption capacity, bulk density and apparent porosity determined in the ceramic bodies as a function of firing temperatures. It was found a trend of slight variations of bulk density values firing in the range 1000–1150 °C, with marked decreases of these values for these bodies fired at 1200 °C and 1300 °C. The temperature of maximum bulk density was determined as ∼1200 °C and the vitrification temperature was ∼1300 °C where the apparent porosity becomes almost zero. The vitrification process of the pyrophyllite clay sample was investigated using a method previously described in the literature, which considered an Arrhenius approach under isothermal conditions and a first order kinetic. It was determined an activation energy (Ea) of ∼45 kJ/mol with a linear correlation coefficient of 0.998. The relative rates of vitrification were calculated. It was found that the contribution of vitrification due to the heating was relatively small compared to the vitrification during soaking. Mullite and quartz are forming the ceramic bodies besides a vitreous or glassy phase. The thermally treated pyrophyllite clay showed a dense network of rod-shaped and elongated needle-like crystals, being characteristic features of mullite as a dense felt. The vitrification rate equation, as deduced in this study by first time, can be a useful tool to estimate the optimum firing conditions of the pyrophyllite clays applied as ceramic raw materials.
期刊介绍:
The Journal of the Spanish Ceramic and Glass Society publishes scientific articles and communications describing original research and reviews relating to ceramic materials and glasses. The main interests are on novel generic science and technology establishing the relationships between synthesis, processing microstructure and properties of materials. Papers may deal with ceramics and glasses included in any of the conventional categories: structural, functional, traditional, composites and cultural heritage. The main objective of the Journal of the Spanish Ceramic and Glass Society is to sustain a high standard research quality by means of appropriate reviewing procedures.