Boletin de la Sociedad Espanola de Ceramica y Vidrio最新文献

英文中文

Urban mining of Co3O4 spinel from spent lithium-ion batteries 废锂离子电池中Co3O4尖晶石的城市开采

IF 2.7 4区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CERAMICS

Boletin de la Sociedad Espanola de Ceramica y Vidrio

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.bsecv.2025.100481

Marta Rodrigo , María Fernanda Gazulla , Arnaldo Moreno

Cobalt is essential to industrial growth, and a low-carbon economy. It is crucial to the production of lithium-ion batteries and national security. Other industrial applications are: superalloys, catalysts, hard metals, ceramics, or magnets. In particular, 5.3% cobalt demand was used in the ceramic sector in 2024, accounting for almost 12 kt. The European Union (EU) relies on imports of refined cobalt, especially from China and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. To ensure strategic autonomy, the EU aims to increase cobalt processing and recycling. This study focuses on the optimization of the leaching process to recover cobalt from spent LIBs with high efficiency and purity for sustainable use. Sulphuric, citric, and nitric acids were selected for the study, varying the concentration of the dissolution, reaction time and temperature, and the solid-to-liquid ratio. The best results were obtained using a 2 M HNO₃ solution with 4 vol.% H₂O₂ and a 1:50 solid-to-liquid ratio, working at a temperature of 85 °C for 60 min. The applicability of the recovered cobalt oxide was assessed by its use in the synthesis of a ceramic blue pigment.

钴对工业增长和低碳经济至关重要。这对锂离子电池的生产和国家安全至关重要。其他工业应用包括：高温合金、催化剂、硬质金属、陶瓷或磁铁。特别是，2024年陶瓷行业的钴需求量为5.3%，约占12万吨。欧盟依赖进口精炼钴，尤其是从中国和刚果民主共和国进口。为了确保战略自主，欧盟旨在增加钴的加工和回收。本研究的重点是优化浸出工艺，从废锂中高效、高纯度地回收钴，并实现可持续利用。研究中选择硫酸、柠檬酸和硝酸，分别改变溶解浓度、反应时间和温度以及固液比。在H2O2浓度为4 vol.%、固液比为1:50、温度为85℃、反应时间为60 min的条件下，得到了最佳的反应效果。通过将回收的氧化钴用于陶瓷蓝色颜料的合成，评价了其适用性。

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引用次数: 0

Stability of tricalcium phosphate polymorphs in the Ca3(PO4)2–Zn3(PO4)2–Mg3(PO4)2 system and solid-state compatibilities of CaO–P2O5–MgO–ZnO system at 900 °C 磷酸三钙在Ca3(PO4)2 - zn3 (PO4)2 - mg3 (PO4)2体系中的稳定性及CaO-P2O5-MgO-ZnO体系900℃下的固态相容性

IF 2.7 4区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CERAMICS

Boletin de la Sociedad Espanola de Ceramica y Vidrio

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.bsecv.2025.100482

Sara Serena, María Antonia Sainz, Ángel Caballero

Stability and microstructure of tricalcium phosphate polymorphs (TCP) in the Ca₃(PO₄)₂–Zn₃(PO₄)₂·Mg₃(PO₄)₂ phase equilibria diagram from experimental studies between 1200 °C and 1400 °C have been determined. Solid-state compatibilities in the CaO–P₂O₅–MgO–ZnO system were defined at 900 °C for P₂O₅ ≤ 50% mole %, from a complete review of the previously published binary, pseudo-binary, ternary and pseudo-ternary systems and key phase diagrams experiments on CaO–P₂O₅–MgO–ZnO system. The phase compatibilities of TCP, without considering solid solutions, except for Mg₂P₂O₇-Zn₂P₂O₇ complete solid solution, were stablished and the role of MgO and ZnO on the formation of phases compatible with Ca₃(PO₄)₂ was discussed.

研究了Ca3(PO4)2 - zn3 (PO4)2·Mg3(PO4)2相平衡图中磷酸三钙多晶（TCP）在1200 ~ 1400℃间的稳定性和微观结构。通过对已发表的二元、伪二元、三元和伪三元体系以及CaO-P2O5-MgO-ZnO体系的关键相图实验的完整回顾，确定了CaO-P2O5-MgO-ZnO体系在900°C下P2O5≤50%摩尔%的固态相容性。建立了TCP除Mg2P2O7-Zn2P2O7完全固溶体外，不考虑固溶体的相相容性，并讨论了MgO和ZnO对形成与Ca3(PO4)2相容的相的作用。

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引用次数: 0

Archaeometric analysis of Nasrid glazed architectural ceramics from the Alhambra and Generalife Monument, Granada (Spain) 西班牙格拉纳达阿尔罕布拉宫和generife纪念碑纳斯里德釉面建筑陶瓷的考古分析

IF 2.7 4区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CERAMICS

Boletin de la Sociedad Espanola de Ceramica y Vidrio

Pub Date : 2025-12-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.bsecv.2025.100477

Carolina Cardell , Maja Urosevic , Danielle Dias Martins , Isabel Guerra , Alberto García Porras

This work presents the first systematic archaeometric data of 13th–14th century AD Nasrid glazed architectural ceramics from the Alhambra and Generalife, focusing on colour-specific glazing technologies. Findings provide new insights into Nasrid glazing technology, ceramic typologies, and conservation implications, contributing to discussions on Islamic material culture and technical traditions in al-Andalus. Analysed typologies include mosaic, inlay, relief tiles, roof lights, and steles with glazes in white, blue, green-turquoise, black, and honey tones. Microstructural and chemical results reveal decorative chromophores and techniques to be a reference for future studies. Most glazes are inglaze on lead tin-opacified bases, fired in oxidising conditions at ∼950 °C. Phosphorus was found in weathered glazes (associated with a burial environment) and unweathered white and blue glazes, suggesting deliberate addition of bones (fragments/ashes). Identified phases in most glazes were unmelted quartz and feldspars grains, and relatively abundant Cr-bearing wollastonite crystals precipitated during firing. Furthermore, one of the fragments with a black surface was determined not to be a glaze, but rather a polished section of a metamorphic rock.

这项工作展示了13 - 14世纪阿罕布拉宫和generife的纳斯里德釉面建筑陶瓷的第一个系统的考古数据，重点是特定颜色的玻璃技术。研究结果为Nasrid玻璃技术、陶瓷类型学和保护意义提供了新的见解，有助于讨论al-Andalus的伊斯兰物质文化和技术传统。分析的类型包括马赛克、镶嵌、浮雕瓦、屋顶灯和带有白色、蓝色、绿绿松石、黑色和蜂蜜色调釉的石柱。显微结构和化学结果揭示了装饰性发色团和技术，为未来的研究提供了参考。大多数釉料是在铅锡不透明的基底上釉料，在~ 950°C的氧化条件下烧制。在风化釉（与埋葬环境有关）和未风化的白色和蓝色釉中发现了磷，表明故意添加了骨头（碎片/灰烬）。大多数釉料的鉴定相为未熔化的石英和长石颗粒，烧制过程中析出相对丰富的含铬硅灰石晶体。此外，其中一块黑色表面的碎片被确定不是釉料，而是变质岩的抛光部分。

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引用次数: 0

Boosting solar energy generation through recycling: Synthesis, characterization and simulation of a ceramic-based diffuse reflector 通过循环利用促进太阳能发电：基于陶瓷漫反射器的合成、表征和模拟

IF 2.7 4区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CERAMICS

Boletin de la Sociedad Espanola de Ceramica y Vidrio

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.bsecv.2025.100475

Demetrio Fuentes Hernández , Marissa Vargas Ramírez , Damián Díaz Guzmán , Violeta Ramírez Trejo , Luis Eduardo Trujillo Villanueva , Edgar Arturo Chávez Urbiola , Felipe Legorreta García

α-Alumina was synthesized from recycled aluminum, which has shown reflective properties similar to a commercial version. The powder's characteristics were elucidated through X-ray diffraction (XRD) and UV–Vis spectroscopy, revealing its capacity to reflect up to 92.84% of visible radiation within the 400–800 nm spectral range. This reflection efficiency is 0.32% lower compared to the high-purity commercial version. These characteristics enabled its application in the synthesis of reflective coatings on enameled low-carbon steel to produce diffuse reflectors (DR). The coatings were synthesized using the Sol-Gel method and applied via spraying. Subsequently, they underwent visible spectroscopy, hardness testing, and adhesion testing to evaluate their performance. These tests revealed that the coatings exhibited diffuse reflection (ρd) up to 72.30% of visible radiation, significantly enhancing photothermal generation by 10.33% and photovoltaic generation by 7.3% as determined by the computational simulation software Comsol Multiphysics. The coatings also demonstrated a hardness of 5H and an adhesion strength of 5B.

α-氧化铝是由再生铝合成的，具有类似于商业版本的反射性能。通过x射线衍射（XRD）和紫外可见光谱对粉体的特性进行了表征，发现粉体在400-800 nm光谱范围内的反射率高达92.84%。这种反射效率比高纯度的商用版本低0.32%。这些特性使其能够应用于在搪瓷低碳钢上合成反射涂层以生产漫反射器（DR）。采用溶胶-凝胶法制备涂层，并采用喷涂的方式进行喷涂。随后，他们进行了可见光谱，硬度测试和附着力测试，以评估其性能。通过Comsol Multiphysics计算模拟，涂层对可见光的漫反射（ρd）达到72.30%，光热发电和光伏发电分别提高了10.33%和7.3%。涂层的硬度为5H，附着力为5B。

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引用次数: 0

Silver-containing glazes for biocidal ceramic tiles: A resource for inhibiting bacterial and viral growths 杀菌瓷砖用含银釉料：抑制细菌和病毒生长的资源

IF 2.7 4区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CERAMICS

Boletin de la Sociedad Espanola de Ceramica y Vidrio

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.bsecv.2025.100476

Victor Carnicer, Maria Dolores Palacios, Adriana Belda, Sergio Mestre

Controlling bacterial and viral growth in surfaces is crucial in combating infectious diseases. Therefore, the development of glazes with bactericidal and viricidal effects for ceramic tiles appears highly advantageous. These glazes would facilitate personal and public hygiene due to the widespread use of ceramic tiles in the construction industry and urban planning (homes, hospitals, etc.).

Biocidal glazes have been developed from a silver containing frit. This frit has been formulated by substitution of a fraction of alkaline oxides for silver and obtained by melting and quenching the melt. Its composition allows the incorporation of the silver into the vitreous network. Silver-containing glazes for wall tiles and floor tiles had been obtained from the frit, but a fraction of the silver was present as metallic silver particles. The inhibitor effect of the glazes against bacteria (Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus) and virus (TEGV) was verified according to ISO 22196:2011/JIS Z 2081/2010 and ISO 21702:2019 standards respectively.

The production of biocidal tiles was successfully scaled up while preserving their biocidal efficacy (mean results of 99.9%, 99.7% and 94.6% against E. coli, S. aureus and TEGV respectively). However, variability increased due to the lower reproducibility of the thermal cycles in industrial roller kilns. In addition, the silver content in the surface of the glaze was maintained after accelerated aging tests, pointing to a good durability of these properties.

控制表面细菌和病毒的生长对对抗传染病至关重要。因此，开发具有杀菌、杀毒作用的瓷砖釉料就显得十分有利。由于瓷砖在建筑行业和城市规划（家庭、医院等）的广泛使用，这些釉料将促进个人和公共卫生。生物杀灭釉料是由含银釉料制成的。这种熔块是用一部分碱性氧化物代替银，并通过熔化和淬火熔体得到的。它的成分允许银融入玻璃体网络。从熔块中获得了用于墙砖和地砖的含银釉，但银的一小部分以金属银颗粒的形式存在。根据ISO 22196:2011/JIS Z 2081/2010和ISO 21702:2019标准验证了釉料对细菌（大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌）和病毒（TEGV）的抑制作用。在保持杀菌效果的同时，成功扩大了杀菌砖的生产规模（对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和TEGV的平均杀菌效果分别为99.9%、99.7%和94.6%）。然而，由于工业轧辊窑热循环的再现性较低，变异性增加。此外，在加速老化试验后，釉表面的银含量保持不变，表明这些性能具有良好的耐久性。

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引用次数: 0

La valorización de residuos en la industria cerámica 陶瓷工业的废物定价

IF 2.7 4区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CERAMICS

Boletin de la Sociedad Espanola de Ceramica y Vidrio

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.bsecv.2025.100478

Amador C. Caballero

引用次数: 0

Effect of calcination rate on mechano-chemically activated powders for the synthesis of lead-free KNN-type ceramics 煅烧速率对机械化学活性粉体合成无铅knn型陶瓷的影响

IF 2.7 4区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CERAMICS

Boletin de la Sociedad Espanola de Ceramica y Vidrio

Pub Date : 2025-10-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.bsecv.2025.100470

Ashley Bonilla , Alina Pruna , Rut Benavente , María Dolores Salvador , David Busquets-Mataix , Daniel Fernández-González , Amparo Borrell

Given the raising environmental concerns over lead toxicity, replacing the common lead-based piezoelectric ceramics with a proper alternative became a hot topic. (Na_0.5K_0.5)NbO₃ (KNN) is considered a potential replacement for such ceramics. This work presents the synthesis of KNN-type ceramics based on conventional solid-state reaction, where the effect of precursor particle size is studied. A combined mechanical activation by ball milling and calcination at low temperature of 800 °C is applied. The phase structure evolution, morphology and mechanical properties are investigated systematically with the particle size and the calcination rate. The results indicate a marked effect of the precursor particle size on the properties of obtained ceramics. Secondary phase content could be lowered and tetragonality improved by the applied approach. Despite the presence of secondary phases, dielectric measurements indicated typical values of dielectric constant and loss for piezoelectric materials.

随着人们对铅毒性环境问题的日益关注，用合适的材料替代普通的铅基压电陶瓷成为人们关注的热点。（Na0.5K0.5）NbO3 （KNN）被认为是这种陶瓷的潜在替代品。本文介绍了在传统固相反应的基础上合成knn型陶瓷，并研究了前驱体粒径的影响。采用800℃低温球磨和煅烧相结合的机械活化方法。系统地研究了相结构演变、形貌和力学性能与颗粒大小和煅烧速率的关系。结果表明，前驱体粒度对所得陶瓷的性能有显著影响。应用该方法可以降低二次相含量，改善正方性。尽管存在二次相，但介电测量表明了压电材料的介电常数和损耗的典型值。

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引用次数: 0

Preparation of SiC–ZrC composite powders by carbothermal reduction method and its high-temperature oxidation resistance performance 碳热还原法制备SiC-ZrC复合粉体及其高温抗氧化性能

IF 2.7 4区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CERAMICS

Boletin de la Sociedad Espanola de Ceramica y Vidrio

Pub Date : 2025-09-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.bsecv.2025.100469

Yu Cao , Yueming Li , Kai Li , Chuanming Zou , Longteng Deng , Jilin Hu , Jin Wen

Ultra-high temperature ceramic materials possess irreplaceable value in extreme environments, among which SiC–ZrC multiphase ceramics have emerged as a research focus due to their exceptional high-temperature performance. The synthesis of high-quality composite powders is pivotal for the fabrication of high-performance ceramics. To address the limitations of conventional carbothermal reduction methods—including impurity contamination from organic carbon sources, inadequate reaction stability, and the paucity of research on the oxidation behavior and biphase synergistic mechanisms of SiC–ZrC composite powders—this study developed a novel controlled carbothermal reduction process using high-purity graphite as the carbon source (argon atmosphere, 1400–1600 °C). Systematic investigations were conducted to elucidate the regulatory effects of calcination temperature on the phase composition, microstructure, and elemental distribution of the powders. Additionally, high-temperature oxidation experiments under air atmosphere were performed to reveal the oxidation behavior characteristics and biphase synergistic mechanisms of the powders. The results demonstrate that high-purity SiC–ZrC composite powders with uniformly distributed elements can be successfully synthesized at 1600 °C with a 1.5-h holding time. During high-temperature oxidation, SiC exhibits significantly superior oxidation resistance compared to ZrC:ZrC initiates oxidation to form ZrO₂ as early as 800 °C, while SiC retains excellent structural stability even at 1500 °C. The two phases achieve synergistic oxidation enhancement through the formation of SiO₂–ZrO₂ composite oxide layers and ZrSiO₄ phases.

超高温陶瓷材料在极端环境中具有不可替代的价值，其中SiC-ZrC多相陶瓷因其优异的高温性能成为研究热点。高质量复合粉体的合成是制备高性能陶瓷的关键。为了解决传统碳热还原方法的局限性，包括有机碳源的杂质污染，反应稳定性不足，以及SiC-ZrC复合粉末的氧化行为和双相协同机制研究的缺乏，本研究开发了一种新的可控碳热还原工艺，使用高纯度石墨作为碳源（氩气，1400-1600°C）。系统地研究了煅烧温度对粉末的相组成、微观结构和元素分布的调节作用。此外，还进行了空气环境下的高温氧化实验，揭示了粉末的氧化行为特征和双相协同机理。结果表明，在1600℃、保温时间1.5 h的条件下，可成功合成元素分布均匀的高纯度SiC-ZrC复合粉体。在高温氧化过程中，SiC表现出明显优于ZrC的抗氧化性：ZrC早在800℃就开始氧化形成ZrO2，而SiC即使在1500℃也能保持优异的结构稳定性。两相通过形成SiO2-ZrO2复合氧化层和ZrSiO4相实现协同氧化增强。

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引用次数: 0

Pre-industrial production of recycled ceramic tiles using construction and demolition waste: Exploring their technological feasibility 利用建筑垃圾和拆迁垃圾生产再生瓷砖的前工业化生产：探索其技术可行性

IF 2.7 4区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CERAMICS

Boletin de la Sociedad Espanola de Ceramica y Vidrio

Pub Date : 2025-09-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.bsecv.2025.100468

Sonia Marín-Cortés , Julián J. Reinosa , Luis Guaita , Esther Enríquez , José F. Fernández

Annually, construction and demolition waste (CDW) represents one-third of the EU's waste generation. Due to its sheer volume and low-value applications, there is growing interest in its valorisation for new building products. One promising avenue is the incorporation of CDW in recycled ceramic tile production, though this remains largely unexplored at the pre-industrial level. This research examines the viability of pre-industrial-scale production of recycled ceramic tiles with a high content of CDW. CDW materials from a management plant, including ceramic waste (tiles) and mixed debris (construction ceramics and concrete), were processed to create compositions containing up to 10 wt% mixed debris. Virgin clay was added in different proportions, resulting in 55, 70, and 100 wt% CDW compositions. Results show that spray-dried characteristics allow tile production with up to 70 wt% recycled content. The compositions containing 70 and 55 wt% CDW were tested pre-industrially, fired at 1145–1155 °C. The 55 wt% CDW mixture achieves characteristics comparable to those of pre-industrial ceramic tiles, producing novel recycled products with high waste content. These tiles had a flexural strength of >41 N/mm², surpassing the market standard for porcelain stoneware (35 N/mm²), and water absorption of 12%, meeting wall tile specifications. An economic and environmental assessment highlights the benefits of using CDW in ceramic tiles, highlighting the potential for an environmentally responsible and resource-efficient approach within the tile industry, while minimising environmental impact and preserving natural resources.

每年，建筑和拆除垃圾（CDW）占欧盟垃圾产生量的三分之一。由于其庞大的体积和低价值的应用，人们对其用于新建筑产品的价值增值越来越感兴趣。一个有希望的途径是将CDW纳入再生瓷砖生产中，尽管这在工业化前的水平上仍未得到很大的探索。本研究考察了工业化前规模生产高CDW含量的再生瓷砖的可行性。来自管理工厂的CDW材料，包括陶瓷废料（瓷砖）和混合碎片（建筑陶瓷和混凝土），经过处理，制成含有高达10 wt%混合碎片的组合物。以不同的比例添加原生粘土，得到55%、70%和100% wt%的CDW成分。结果表明，喷雾干燥特性允许瓷砖生产高达70% wt%的回收含量。含有70 wt%和55 wt% CDW的组合物在工业前测试，在1145-1155°C下烧制。55%的CDW混合物实现了与工业前瓷砖相媲美的特性，生产出具有高废物含量的新型回收产品。这些瓷砖的抗折强度为41 N/mm2，超过了陶瓷陶瓷的市场标准（35 N/mm2），吸水率为12%，符合墙砖规格。经济和环境评估强调了在瓷砖中使用CDW的好处，强调了在瓷砖行业中采用环保和资源节约型方法的潜力，同时最大限度地减少对环境的影响并保护自然资源。

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引用次数: 0

Los materiales abren las puertas del futuro 材料开启未来之门

IF 2.7 4区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CERAMICS

Boletin de la Sociedad Espanola de Ceramica y Vidrio

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.bsecv.2025.100471

Amador C. Caballero

引用次数: 0

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